THE KINGDOM OF MAN 225 



understanding man takes the whole universe for his 

 province, but his kingdom which he would control, in 

 which he would in some measure express himself, has a 

 less ambitious range. 



Materialism and Biologism. — The particular classifica- 

 tion of the outer world which any one adopts does not 

 perhaps matter much — different schemes appeal to 

 different minds — but it is important to avoid the error 

 of false simplicity. One may get a good deal out of 

 a horse if one treats him as an engine, and he must 

 never be treated in a manner subversive of the reasonable 

 treatment of an engine, by ignoring the law of the con- 

 servation of energy, for instance ; but one does not get 

 the best out of a horse if one persists in being material- 

 istic. The best horsemen treat their horses as fellow- 

 creatures ; see, for instance, Roger Pocock's TJie Horse 

 (Murray, 1917). Similarly, one may get a good deal 

 out of a boy if one treats him just as a young mammal, 

 and he should never be treated in a manner subversive 

 of the reasonable treatment of a mammal, by ignoring 

 sex, for instance ; but one will not get the best out of 

 a boy if one confines oneself to the zoological point 

 of view. A biologism is just as dangerous as a 

 materiahsm. 



§2. Control in the Domain of Things 



As regards the conquest and control of the domain 

 of things, man's aim is to make the most of the physical 

 universe, with the minimum waste of materials and 



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