THE KINGDOM OF MAN 233 



in the canals and the like, man will get finally rid of the 

 disease. This illustrates the control of life. 



§ 6. Social Ideals : Eugenics, Eutechnics, Eutopias 

 When we consider the social sphere, the part of the 

 Kingdom which is most distinctly Man's own, we have 

 cause to be at once proud and ashamed. There is mag- 

 nificence, but cheek hy jowl with misery ; the sublime 

 is jostled by the sordid. What literature, what art, 

 what science ! And yet, what trash, what ugliness, 

 w^hat ignorance ! At times it seems as if Man as organism 

 lagged behind the externally enregistered gains of 

 evolution, as if the citizen were not worthy of the city. 

 At other times it seems as if Man handicapped himself 

 with external impediments, as if the machinery he 

 fashioned became too strong for him, as if the slum got 

 the better of the citizen. Yet those are wisest who keep 

 brave hearts. " What is Man ? " said the chaplain, 

 quoting the Psalmist to Richard Yea-and-Nay. " What 

 is Man not ? " thundered back the King. And that is 

 the right spirit. 



The three great objective ideals of mankind are : 

 Eugenics, the improvement of the human breed ; 

 Eutechnics, the improvement of occupations and 

 activities ; and Eutopias, the improvement of surround- 

 ings. These correspond to the three facts — ^Folk, Work, 

 Place ; Organism, Function, Environment ; Le Play's 

 Famille, Travail, Lieu. 



Eugenics was defined by Sir Francis Galton as " the 

 study of agencies under social control that may improve 



