THE KINGDOM OF MAN 237 



live, and (c) the conditions of health, happiness, and 

 effective work. Even an optimist must find it hard to 

 maintain that our present-day methods of education 

 are gripping in any one of these three fundamental 

 subjects. When improved methods begin to grip, 

 eugenics will become a dominant social ideal. 



As to Eutechnics, there is a growing sense of the 

 fact that even from the point of view of maximum 

 production it does not pay to treat workers as if they 

 were mere machines, and much of the disgrace of the 

 occupational conditions of the Victorian period has been 

 wiped out. As to Eutopias, much has been done 

 in the way of removing utterly inhuman surroundings, 

 but there is little reduction in the supply of materials 

 for a disgraceful scrap-heap ; and compared with, say, 

 Japan of yesterday, English-speaking peoples do little 

 towards securing what is positively beautiful. 



A good sign is the spread of the conviction that there 

 is no one line of betterment, — ^that all secure biological 

 progress must be along three lines, and must be supple- 

 mented by progress in social organisation and in the 

 kingdom of the Spirit. Vigour is a eugenic ideal, but a 

 vigorous serf is not a human ideal, nor is vigour in a 

 slum. A beautiful countryside or a beautiful city is a 

 eutopian ideal, but it is not a human ideal if the people 

 are dull and joyless, or if their work is unrelieved toil. 

 Wholesome occupation is a eutechnic ideal, but it fails 

 of human completeness unless the workers have vigorous 



