496 ELEMENTARY BIOLOGY 



probably represents a " missing link." This animal had among his 

 contemporaries a form of elephant, rhinoceros, Indian hippopotamus, 

 tapir, hyena, a deer, and an animal somewhere between a tiger and 

 a lion. The climate and vegetation were similar in many ways to 

 those we now find in southern India and the islands of that region. 

 This form is in many ways intermediate between the apes and more 

 recent man, but we must not expect it to be an average between 

 the two extremes. It is more like Homo in some ways and more 

 like the apes in others ; and in some respects it is between, as in the 

 character of some of the teeth. 



A more recent discovery of ancient remains in Sussex (England) 

 seems to point to a more closely related ancestor. The skull is larger 

 than that of Pithecanthropus, and the teeth are more like those of 

 modern man (Fig. 257). 



Large numbers of specimens have been found in various parts of 

 France, Germany, and Belgium that belong apparently to the same 

 races of primitive men. The first of these was found in a cave in the 

 Neanderthal in Germany, in 1856, and the type is frequently referred 

 to as the Neanderthal race. Although these had much larger skulls 

 than the Piltdown (Sussex), larger even than is found among races 

 living to-day, the characters of the jaws and teeth, the low and 

 retreating forehead, the prominent ridges over the eyes, and other 

 features indicate a lower stage of development. This group has been 

 named Homo primigenius, or Homo neanderthal ensis. 



