SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION 513 



about that are not directly concerned with getting our food 

 and dodging our enemies. 



Because civilized man has accumulated, in the course of his 

 development, so many kinds of interests, one of his real needs, 

 one that distinguishes him from other animals, is the need 

 for leisure. It is not enough to have food and clothing and 

 shelter ; the dray horse has that. Man wants time to use in 

 his own way. He wants to play games, he wants to talk things 

 over with people of like minds, and he wants to argue with 

 people of unlike minds. He wants to produce music, or he 

 wants to listen to music. He wants to let himself out in 

 making something of his own design, or at least he wants 

 to look at the pictures and sculptures and handicraft of other 

 people's make. He wants time to think matters over undis- 

 turbed, when he is not exhausted, and he wants a change of 

 air and of scene. He would like to see how other people live, 

 and he would like to make new acquaintances. Perhaps he 

 wants to cultivate a garden or keep rabbits. There are thousands 

 of things that men want to do, and the doing of which gives 

 them at least as much satisfaction as any of the activities that 

 are directly related to keeping alive. Indeed, these other things 

 are on the whole far more interesting. 



No matter how much we like our food, no matter how 

 much we value the comfort of a warm fireside on a stormy 

 night, or the comfort of a good waterproof when out in the 

 rain, it is these other things that really matter most to-day 

 these things without which life would still be possible, it is 

 true, but without which our lives would not be very different 

 from the lives of beasts. It is these things that man can do, 

 over and above making his living and keeping his body in 

 working condition, that distinguish him from all other animals. 

 And it is in proportion as these other things play a larger and 

 larger part in our lives, and in proportion as food and clothing 

 and shelter play a smaller and smaller part, that we may consider 

 ourselves humanized. 



