212 ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURE 



upland cotton of good quality, and all prices are quoted 

 on this basis. Cotton offered for sale is worth more or less 

 per pound according to the grade as compared with mid- 

 dling. 



201. Cotton Seed. Cotton seed, which was formerly 

 considered worthless, is now held in high esteem as a food 

 for live stock, and for manufacturing purposes. It is fed 

 to cattle and sheep extensively, and, in a limited way, 

 to horses and mules. It is not used to any extent as hog- 

 feed, because of the fact that when fed in liberal quan- 

 tities it is liable to kill hogs. 



The oil mills use large quantities of seed in the produc- 

 tion of cotton oil and cottonseed cake. The former, in 

 the form of cottolene, is extensively used as a substitute 

 for lard. A ton of cotton seed will produce approximately: 



40 pounds of linter, or short fiber, which has adhered to 



the seed after ginning. 

 800 pounds of hulls. 



800 pounds of cake, which is ground into meal. 

 280 pounds of crude oil. 

 80 pounds of trash and dirt. 



The crude oil obtained from the cotton seed is refined 

 and sold in different grades. The better qualities are used 

 as substitutes for lard and olive oil, and in the manufac- 

 ture of oleomargarine. Cotton oil has many valuable 

 qualities. It has been used to some extent as an adul- 

 terant, and on this account has acquired a bad repu- 

 tation; but it has merits of its own that justify its use as 

 an article of human food, to be sold under its true name. 



Cottonseed meal, hulls and linters are the by-products 

 resulting from the extraction of the oil from the seed. 



