ORCHARDS 



233 



Occasionally a sound 

 tree starts to split, par- 

 ticularly if crotches were 

 allowed to develop when 

 the tree was young. 

 Such a tree can often be 

 saved by the use of 

 bolts. A band put 

 around a tree will girdle 

 it, but a bolt put through 

 it will do no appreci- 

 able damage. Some- 

 times it is better to put 

 a bolt through each 

 branch and connect 

 them with a chain. 



SHADE TREES 



217. The planting and 

 care of shade trees can be 

 deducted from the princi- 

 ples of planting and prun- 

 ing orchard trees as given 

 above. The indiscriminate 

 wounding of shade trees 

 is the usual cause of death. 

 Where trees are likely to 

 be injured by horses, they 

 should be protected by 

 wire guards around the 



FIG. 120. Inside of the broken limb show- 



ing the decay that entered through Fig. 119. 

 The same tree as Fig. 118. 



FIG. 121. A long stub left in pruning. 

 The wound cannot heal. The tape shows 

 how far the trunk is hollow. The tree will 

 soon blow over. 



