372 



SCIENCE OF AGRICULTURE. 



Part II. 



2471. The bean-drill is a clumsy implement, better substituted by a box and wheel, 

 to attach between the handles of any common plough, and thus deposit the seed after the 

 furrow. (See Bean.) 



2472. The turnip barrorv-drill 

 sows a single row at a time ; but 

 is of difficult management on the 

 tops of ridges ; for this purpose, 

 it is desirable to have two wheels, 

 one to go on each side of the 

 ridge. A greatly improved va- 

 riety of this machine, in use in 

 Scotland (Jig. 278.), has a barrel 

 of water () attached, which, by means of a tube, is dropped among the seed in the tract 



made by the coulter. This very useful appendage may 

 be added to any drill-machine, whether worked by ma- 

 nual or animal labor. 



2473. The hand turnip-roller (Jig. 279.), is used for 

 rolling raised drills or ridges previously to and after 

 sowing turnip-seed by a hand-drill. The use of such a 

 roller leaves the ridges in a much better form for re- 

 ceiving the seed than a common cylindrical roller, and 

 after the seed is sown, when this roller is again used, 

 the surface is left in the fittest state for retaining mois- 

 ture, and for commencing the hoeing and thinning 

 operations. 



2474. The root-breaker or bruiser (Jig. 280.), is com- 

 posed of two widely fluted rollers, placed under a hoppei-, 

 turned by two men. It is used for breaking or bruising 



potatoes, turnips^ carrots, or other raw roots, into small or moderate sized pieces, before 

 giving them to cattle or horses. The same implement may be set so close by means of 

 two screws, as to serve for a whin-bruiser, or for breaking beans, or corn of any kind. 



2475. Other machines, for particular dqmrtments, will be noticed in their proper 

 places ; and some will be wanted which are not peculiar to agriculture, such as rat-traps 

 (Jigs. 281. and 282.), mouse and mole-traps (^g. 283.) a fowling-piece for shooting 

 birds, scares for deterring birds, and similar contrivances. 



^Q30 



283 



2476. The essential hand-machines are the ladder, wheel, and hand-barrows, winnow- 

 ing-machine, hand-threshing machine, chaff-cutter, and turnip barrow-drill. 



Chap. II. 

 Of Agricultural Implements and Machines drawn by Beasts of Labor. 



2477. The fundamental implements of agriculture are the plough, the harrow, and the 

 cart : these are common to every country in the slightest degree civilized ; sufficiently 



