Book IV. 



FARM-COTTAGES. 



419 



2715. A farm-house larger than the preceding {Jig. 361. )> and for a farmer and his 

 family rather in a better style, may contain a principal entrance and lobUy () ; parlor 

 (6) ; closets (c) ; stoi-e-room for meal, cheese, &c. {d) ; lumber room for small imple- 

 ments [c) ; beer cellar (/) ; pantry ig) ; dairy f/j) ; staircase (i) ; kitchen, with an oven 

 under the stairs, and a boiler on the other side of tlie fire place [k) ; coals or wood, and 

 back-entry (/) ; pig-stye, with a small opening towards the kitchen for throwing in dish- 

 water, offals, &c. (m) ; and poultry-house {ii) ; with two garret bedrooms over the 

 wings ; two good bedrooms and a closet up stairs, and a garret in the roof. 



2716. A farm-house of the secojid loive.r scale 'fig. 362.', executed at Burleigh in 

 Rutlandshire, contains a principal entry (a) ; parlor {b) ; kitchen {c) ; stair [d) ; dairy 

 {e) ; pantry /y) ; cellar f^ ; and cheese-room (A. The three latter are attached to 

 the back part of the house by a continuation downwai*ds of the same roof. By making 

 their ceilings only seven and a half or eight feet high, some small bed-rooms may be 

 got above them, having a few steps down from the floor of the front rooms, or a few 

 steps up from the first landing-place. The back-door of the kitchen enters into a brew- 

 house and wash-house, the fire place and copper being behind the kitchen vent. Beyond 

 this brew-house is a place for holding firewood, &c. ; in the back wall of which are 

 openings to feed the swine. In the kitchen is an oven ; and below the grate a very 

 good contrivance for baking occasionally, but principally used for keeping the servants' 

 meat warm. It consists of a cast-iron plate, and door like an oven. The chamber- 

 floor is divided into two rooms for wards, and two small ones backwards. 



2717. Farmers' dwelling-houses, containing more accommodation and conifort, and 

 displaying appropriate taste and expression of design, will be found in a succeeding 

 section, where farmeries arc treated of, and also where we treat of laying out farms, 

 (Part III.; 



Sect. IV. Of Cottages for Farm Servants. 



2718. Cottages for laborers are necessary appendages to every farm or landed estate, 

 and no improvement is found to answer the purpose better than building these on a com- 

 fortable and commodious plan. In the southern counties of the island, where the 

 farmer's laborer is supposed to change his master once a year, or oftener, the whole busi- 

 ness of cottages is commonly left to accident ; but in the north a certain number of 

 married servants are kept on every farm, and a fixed place near the farmery is appointed 

 for their situation. These habitations are in the tenure of the farmer, in common with 

 the other buildings of the farm ; and whenever a married servant changes his master he 

 changes his habitation. 



2719. The accommodation formerly considered suited for farm laborers, consisted of 

 two rooms. That on the ground floor not being less than twelve feet square, with a 

 sleeping room of the same size over, and sometimes on the same floor. But this is 

 justly deemed too small for an ordinary laborer's family. " Humanity," Beatson 

 observes, ''shudders at the idea of an industrious laborer, with a wife, and perhaps 

 five or six children, being obliged to live, or rather exist, in a wretched, damp, gloomy 

 room, of 10 or 12 feet square, and that room without a floor ; but common decency must 

 revolt at considering, that over this wretched apartment there is only one chamber, to 

 hold all the miserable beds of this miserable family. And yet instances of this kind, to 

 our shame be it spoken, occur in every country village. How can we expect our 

 laborers or their families to be healthy, or that their daughters, from whom we are to 

 take our future female domestics, should be cleanly, modest, or even decent, in such 

 wretched habitations ?" 



2720. Cottages for farm servants, it is observed by the able author of the article 

 Agriculture, in the Siqiplement to the Encyc. JBritannica, *' are usually set down in a 

 line, at not an inconvenient distance from the farm-yard. Each of them contains two 

 apartments, with fire-places and garret sleeping rooms over. Adjoining is commonly a 

 cow-house, hog-stye, shed for fuel, necessaiy, a small garden, and sometimes other 

 appendages of comfort and enjoyment. As an example of the minimum of modem 

 accommodation, we may 

 refer to two cottages on i 363 

 a farm in Berwickshire, 

 as described in the re- 

 port of that county. 

 They contain each a kit- 

 chen {fig. 363 a.) small 

 parlor and store-room 

 (6), with two good bed- 

 rooms over, and a dairy 

 under the staircase 

 There is a garden behind 



E e 2 



