442 



SCIENCE OF AGRICULTURE. 



Pari II. 



below it; the fence, when flnishcd in this manner, will have nearly the same appearance as the bottom of 

 a boat or cutter. An upright fence is made by fixing perpendicular posts in the earth, nailing three pieces 

 of wood horizontally, and covering these with shingles placed perpendicularly ; in this case the shingles 

 are not above three inches broad, and the extremities of each are pointed at the top. 



2827. The warped paling fence consists of pieces of wood drove into the earth, bent 

 down in different directions, and their tops fastened together ; this fence resembles the 

 chevaux-de-frise, with only this difference, that, in place of leaving the points standing 

 up, as is the case with that part of fortification, they are bent down and tied together. 

 When made of dead wood, this fence is equally perishable with others of the same 

 description ; but when made of growing plants, it will be found very lasting. 



2828. The light open paling fence with thorns, or the branches of trees wove hi (fig .388.), 



388 



differs from the common paling fence already described, 

 only in l>eing warped either with thorns, or the branches 

 of trees. When properly done, it forms at once a very 

 complete fence ; but, like all fences made with dead 

 wood, it will be found very perishable, and require 

 many repairs. It has, however, one advantage, viz. 

 that, when properly executed, it is proof against the 

 entrance of animals of any kind. 



2829. Pnmitive paling fences are formed without nails or tyes of any sort, 

 inserting the pales or stakes 

 in the ground in different di- 

 rections {fig. 389.), by using 

 forked or hooked stakes. 

 They are chiefly practicable 

 in forest or park scenery 



for maintaining a particular 

 character, and for separating horses, deer, &c. Such fences sometimes occur in 

 ' Poland, Hungary, &c. ; but in a civilized country they are to be considered more in 

 the light of effect than of practical utility. 



2830. Park fences of iron are the most efficient and elegant [figs. 390. and 391.) Light 

 cast-iron posts with rails of round iron rods five eighths of an inch in diameter to the 

 height of four feet, and a foot higher, on tlie bent extremity of the posts a chain 

 instead of a rod (Jig. 390.), is found to form a barrier against any description of the 



larger quadrupeds kept in British parks, as horses, wild cattle, buffaloes, deer, &c. 

 Painted green, or even with the paint called blue anticorrosion (ground glass and oil 

 chiefly), or coated over with the pyrolignous liquor from the gas works, such fences 

 are not obtrusive, and less liable to suggest ideas of limitation, confinement, restraint, 

 &c. than walls or pales. Similarly characterized fences may be composed of connected 

 hurdles [fig' 391.), which are valuable and probably the cheapest of any fence in 



Ir ^"L 



391 



dividing rich and extensive pastures, such as a park let out to a farmer for several years 

 grazing. For poultry, or for excluding hares, rabbits, &c. the lower part of such fences 

 is covered with a wire netting {fig. 392.). 



