6i3 PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE. Part III. 



Kent, Essex, and Surrey. All these require a somewhat difFerent kind and extent of 

 accommodation in the farm buildings. 



3852. The requisites for a farmery common to most characters of farms are, a centrical 

 situation, neither too high nor too low, shelter, water, exposure to the south or south- 

 east, in preference to other points a level or flat area of sufficient extent for the build- 

 ings, yards, and gardens ; grass-land sufficient for one or more small enclosures ; and 

 suitable outlets to the difFerent parts of the farm, and to public roads and markets. 



3853. Some of these requisites may be supplied by ar^, as shelter, by plantations; water, 

 by wells and ponds ; a flat, by levelling ; grass-lands, by culture ; and the direction of 

 the roads depends entirely on the designer. But in some cases the situation of the 

 farmery cannot be rendered centrical, as frequently happens in the fenny districts of 

 Cambridgediire, where danger might be incurred from extraordinary floods ; and in the 

 case of mountainous sheep farms, where a centrical situation might be so elevated as to 

 be deprived of most of the other requisites. Still, even in these cases, the general requi- 

 sites ought to be attained as far as practicable, and there are degrees of attainment as to 

 a centrical situation to be arrived at, even among fens and mountains. 



3854. Excellent examples of different descriptions offarmeries, are to be found in Ber- 

 wickshire, Northumberland, East Lothian, and on the Marquess of Stafford's estates in 

 Shrc^shire, Staffordshire, and Sutherland. Besides a great number of cottages and farm- 

 eries of different descriptions, thirty-seven new farmeries have been erected by the Marquess 

 of Stafford, in Shropshire alone. Loch, Lord Stafford's agent, in describing these (Ac- 

 count of Improvements on the M. of Stafford's Estates, ^c), states, that " much attention 

 and consideration has been given to the plans of these buildings, with the view of combining 

 as many advantages as possible, and of arranging the different parts in such a way, as 

 to save the time of the tenant and his people, and in order that their extent might be 

 reduced to the least size practicable, securing at the same time the accommodation re- 

 quired. The most approved plans in both ends of the island were consulted, and a 

 gradual improvement has been made on them. The latter ones combine the advantages 

 of the English and Scotch buildings, avoiding, it is hoped, their respective defects. To 

 almost every one of these homesteads is attached a threshing machine, constructed on 

 the best principles; wherever water could be obtained, tlxat has been made use of as 

 the impelling power ; and of late, some of the more extensive farms have been provided 

 with steam-engines for that purpose." 



3855. In selecting a few of these examples, the first we shall mention is that of Sidera 

 or Cider Hall, in Sutherland, erected in 1818. The soil of this farm is of a light and 

 excellent quality, particularly suited to the Norfolk rotation of husbandry, which is 

 followed by Rule, the new tenant, a native of the county of Roxburgh. The house and 

 homestead cost 2200^. It is built in the most sufficient manner, of stone and lime, 

 and covered with Easdale slate, from the west coast of Scotland. In the garden, which 

 is an old one, there are several apple, pear, and gean, or small black cherry trees, of so 

 considerable a size, with some of the finest holly trees to be met with any where, as to 

 show that there is nothing in the climate to prevent the growth of even the more delicate 

 kinds of timber, if not exposed to the sea breeze. 



3856. The accommodations of the house are, on the ground floor, a parlor, lobby, and 

 staircase, family room, pantry, kitchen, open yard, and flower-garden ; of the chamber 

 story, a bed-room and bed-closet, two bed-rooms, maid-servant's room, and bed-room. 

 The ojices contain a cart-house, stable, tool-house, threshing. mill, and straw-house, 

 horse-course, cattle-sheds, dairy, calf-pen, cow-byre, feeding-byre, boothy (i. e. booth or 

 lodge) for ploughman ; pigstyes, and poultry above ; paved way, and cattle-yards. 



3857. As an example of a Northumberland farmery for a farm of from 400 to 500 

 acres, we have recourse to The Gen. Rep. of Scotland. The accommodations are as fol- 

 low : in the dwelling-house are the entrance, stairs to chambers, and cellars, and lobby, 

 dining-room, pantry, coal-closet, parlor, business-room, kitchen, back kitchen, dairy, store- 

 room, poultry, farm servants' kitchen, boiling-house, root-house, riding-horse stable. In 

 the economical buildings are a cart-shed, straw-barn, and granary over ; corn-barn, hinds, 

 byre for three cows, byre for ten cows, with feeding passage in the centre ; calf-house, 

 loose horse place, stable, feeding sheds for cattle, with feeding passage along tlie centre ; 

 pigs, dung-places, straw-yards, cart-shed, and open court. The aspect of the house is 

 south, and the garden and orchard are in front of it. 



3858. As an example of a very complete farmery for a turnip and barley soil, we give 

 that of Fearn (fig. 465.), erected by the Marquess of Stafford in the parish of Escall 

 Magna, in Shropshire, in 1820. The farm contains 460 acres of turnip soil ; and the 

 farmery the following accommodations, including a threshing machine, driven by steam. 

 In the house are two parlors (a, a), family-room (6), brew-house, two stories (c), pantry 

 (dj, milk-house (e), kitchen (f), bed-rooms (g), men servant's bed-room (A). In the 

 court offices a hackney-stable (i), stair under-cover (i), waggon-shed, and granary over 

 (/), tool-house (m), cow-house (), places for turnips and straw {o,p), steum -engine (q), 



