672 



PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE. 



Part III. 



537 



Aust's (of Hoxton) curvilinear pump is preferable to the common sort. The advantages 

 depend on the curvilinear form of the barrel, which ailov^^s, and indeed obliges, the rod, 

 the handle, and the lever, on which it works, to be all in one piece. Hence simplicity, 

 cheapness, precision of action, more water discharged in proportion to the diameter of the 

 barrel, and less frequent repairs. {Repertory of Arts, Jan. 1821.) Perkins's square- 

 barrelled pump is a powerful engine (London Journal , &c.) ; but this and other con- 

 trivances for raising water, though of great merit, cannot often be made available by the 

 improver from their not having come into general use. 



41 55. An old but ingenious mode ofrais- ""T^, 

 ing water from a well to the upper part of 

 a house (Jig. 537.), is sometimes adopted 

 on the continent. A post is fixed close to 

 the well ; this is connected with the open- 

 ing in the upper part of the house, where 

 the water is to be introduced, by a fixed ^ 

 cord (a). On this cord a wooden collar 

 (b) is placed, and slides freely from one end 

 to the other : the bucket rope is put 

 through a hole in the collar, and over a 

 puUy in the window in the upper part of 

 the house, and thus the bucket is first 

 raised perpendicularly from the water in 

 the well till it comes in contact with the 

 collar, when the power being continued, 

 the collar slides along the fixed rope till 

 it reaches the operator at the window. 

 {Last. Col. de Machines, &c.) 



4156. Artificial springs. Marshal, see- 

 ing the formation of natural springs, and 

 observing the eflfect of subsoil drains, and 

 being, at the same time, aware of an objec- 

 tion to roof water, which, though more i^;;;^^^-'^-'^' 



wholesome, is seldom so well tasted as =:^rw--^ 



spring water ; was led to the idea of forming artificial land-springs, to supply farmsteads 

 with water, in dry situations. He proposes arresting the rain-water that has filtered 

 through the soil of a grass ground, situated on the upper side of the buildings, in co- 

 vered drains, clayed and dished at the bottom, and partially filled with pebbles or other 

 open materials : thus conveying it into a well or cistern, in the manner of roof water : 

 and by this means uniting, it is probable, the palatableness of spring water with the 

 wholesomeness of that which is collected immediately from the atmosphere. 



4157. Water for common farm-yard and dornestic purposes may be obtained in most 

 situations, by collecting that which falls on the roofs of the farmery and dwelling-house. 

 This is done by a system of gutters and pipes, which, for the farmery, may lead to a 

 cistern or tank under ground ; and for the family, that from the roof of the dwelling- 

 house may be conducted to a 

 tub. Before using it, it may be 

 filtered in various ways : one 

 is, to have three tubs all of the 

 same size {fig. 538.), the first 

 (a) nearly filled with gravel or 

 very coarse sand ; the second (6), 

 with powdered charcoal, with 

 a stratum of sponge covering 

 it, and the third (c) empty. 

 The water falls from the gutter 

 or spout into the top of the 

 gravel barrel, and filtering 

 through it, ascends through the 

 charcoal and sponge in the 

 next, and passes over clear and 

 sweet into the receiving barrel 

 ( c) ; from which it is drawn as 

 wanted. Where one receiving 

 barrel is not enough, two or 



more may be added, or the water may be led from it to an underground cistern or 

 cellar. 



