912 PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE. Part III. 



yet heal at once. ' Wlien such is not the issue, the disease attacks the ligaments ; sinuses form, and the 

 matter burrows under the skin and muscles, when a seton must be introduced from the opening above 

 and should be brought out at the bottom : the seton should be then daily wetted with the liquid 

 blister. {Vet. Pharm. 589S.) Should this plan fail, escharotics will be required in the form of scalding 

 mixture. ( Vet. Pharm. 5917.) 



5774. Strangles, vives, or ives. This disease has been likened to the human measles, because it usually 

 attacks every horse, and most of them at a young period, between three and tive years ; it is fortunate 

 when it attacks colts at grass, as it seldom occasions inconvenience, and which has led some persons into 

 rror by turning their horses out as soon as attacked ; but it is not found that stabled horses, thus turned 

 out, pass through the disease more mildly, but the contrary, except the disease exists under its very 

 mildest form. White has conjectured that colts breeding the strangles while at grass, are afterwards 

 exempt from glanders, but this wants conrirmation. Prosser has also affirmed, that inoculation by the 

 matter of strangles, is good, because it mitigates the complaint, and renders the horse not liable to any 

 future attack ; but the practice has never gained ground : when strangles occurs in the stable, and now 

 and then also in the field, it proves a severe disease, and shews itself under the appearance of a cold, with 

 cough, sore throat, and swelling of the glands under the jaws, or behind and vmder the ears. Sometimes 

 there is not much external swelling, and the tumors break inwardly, and nature effects a cure; at 

 others they break outwardly, and the disease runs off that way, and sometimes the swellings disperse either 

 by nature or art, which breeders think unfavorable, as they suppose it renders the animal liable to a 

 future attack, but many so treated, pass the remainder of their lives without more affection. 



5775. The treatment of strangles. When the swelling lingers, and neither comes forward or recedes, poul- 

 tices are preferable to fomentations, which, by leaving the horse wet, promote evaporation and produce cold. 

 Peal recommends blistering the part, as the best means of promoting suppuration. The horse should be 

 kept very cool, and bran mashes with warm water should be his principal support, unless the complaint 

 last long, and produce much weakness, when malt mashes should be substituted ; bleeding is only ad- 

 visable when the early symptoms are violent, as heaving at the flanks, extreme soreness of throat, with 

 much swelling around it, and considerable cough, in which case, bleeding and fever medicines are proper. 



5776. Vives, or ives, is supposed to be a relic of the latter complaint, and it does appear now and then 

 that after the strangles, the parotid or vive glands do remain enlarged (5794.), which occasions the disease 

 in question ; resolution may be attempted by mercurial frictions, suppuration should be avoided, other- 

 wise the gland may be destroyed. 



5777. Diseases of the mouth, lam,pas. All horses, but particularly very young ones, are liable to enlarge- 

 ment of the rugas or ridges of the palate, dependent not on any local disease confined to the part 

 itself, but occasioned by an affection of the whole passage of the mouth, throat, and stomach. 

 Itis usual to attend to the part only, which is scarified or burnt to little purpose, when a mild dose of 

 physic, or gentle alteratives, would prove more certain expedients ; to which may be added rubbing the 

 part with bay salt, or with vinegar. 



5778. BriiUe sores. When the bit in colt breaking, or in hard pulling horses, has hurt the bars, care is 

 requisite to prevent the bone becoming carious. Touch daily with jegyptiacum, and cover the bit with 

 leather, unless total rest can be allowed. 



5779. Diseases of the teeth are fully treated of under the anatomical description of the bones. (5636.; 



SuBSECT. 4. Diseases of the Neck. 



5780. Fistulous withers are brought on usually by pressure from a saddle with too low or narrow a tree, 

 and what has been said both with regard to nrevention and cure on the subject of pole evil, applies here 

 also. (5868.) 



5781. Sore throat is common to horses in colds, in influenzas, and in strangles. (5765. 5774.) In every 

 case, the horse finds great difficulty in reaching every thing that stretches his neck downwards or 

 upwards; his water therefore should be held to him, and his hay should be pulled for him: omission 

 of these services greatly aggravates the sufferings of horses laboring under sore throat. 



5782. Swelled neck. A very serious swelling sometimes follows on bleeding with a rusty or poisoned 

 lancet, or fleam, and sometimes from causes not apparent. (5878.) 



SuBSECT. 5. 2Vie Chest. 



578'3. Injtamviation of the lungs is a disease to which the horse is peculiarly liable, 

 as we might a priori suspect, from the vast dimensions of his circulatory system, and 

 the vast alteration from a natural state to which we subject him, and thereby increase 

 his pulmonary circulation. 



5784. The causes are these deviations remotely, but the immediate attack is generally brought on by 

 sudden cold, acting on a heated surface, and thus it is that knackers and collarmakers in frosty wea- 

 ther expect a glut of horses that die from this disease. Hard riding is a very common cause, and high 

 feeding also; it often commences slowly, a hard dry cough has been slightly noticed, but occasioning no 

 alarm for two or three days : gradually, however, the cough appears to give the horse pain ; he ioc- 

 casionally shivers, and his ears and feet feel colder than the rest of his body; he heaves at the 

 flanks, and the lining of his nose is inflamed, and his eyelids also : the appetite now becomes affected, 

 and although there is not much apparent pain, except when the horse coughs; yet there is much anx- 

 iety of countenance present. The pulse is usually small but quick; if in this state the horse be 

 taken out and exercised quickly, it is almost always fatal to him : it likewise happens that this com- 

 plaint is sometimes mistaken for distemper, and from a fear of profuse bleeding, the only remedy 

 that is to be depended on, is omitted, and the horse is lost. At the veterinary college, in these cases, 

 a small dose of aloes is given every six hours, and after being bled and rowelled, the horse is turned 

 out in the open air; and it is affirmed that many recover from this treatment. Certain it is that the 

 stable in which ahorse is placed in this disease can hardly be too cool; but when entirely turned out, 

 his feet and legs cannot conveniently be hand-rubbed, or bandaged up to promote circulation ; neither 

 can we bli.ster a horse when turned out, so conveniently ; and on blistering we depend as the second 

 source of cure. 



."5785. The treatment is to be commenced by attempts at lessening the action of the arterial system by 

 early and large bleedings, as seven or ei^ht quarts from a large horse, and which should be repeated in five 

 or six hours if he be not relieved in his breathing. Immediately rub into the brisket, on the chest, and be- 

 hind the fore legs, the blister (Vet. Pharm. 5890. No. 1.). Give half a dose of physic, and assist it by- 

 mashes and warm water, which, if not readily taken, horn down. Back-rake also, and throw up the 

 laxative clyster, ( Vet. Pharm. 5895.). Avoid all exercise, clothe moderately, allow a free circulation of 

 cool air through the stable, and rub the legs frequently, and when not under this process, keep them 

 bandaged up to the knees with hay-bands or woollen cloths. The terminations of this complaint are 

 various. It is not uncommon for the horse to appear better, to eat and to drink, and to excite every 

 hope of a perfect recovery ; but on some sudden exertion he falls down and expires. On examination 

 after death, it is found that effusion of a large quantity of serous fluid has taken place in the chest. 



5786. Thick wind is another termination of pneu?nonia, hy leaving the bronchial passages charged with 

 coagulated blood. Moderate exercise and soiUng inthe stable with mild mercurial physic, form the best 

 modes of treatment ; but it frequently happens that the cough resists all these, and terminates in broken 

 wind. 



