916 PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE. Part III. 



temally. A newly stripped sheepskin placed over the loins, or active fomentations of hot water, are 

 the only sources of counterirritation that are proper; neither should diluting liquors be pressed, on 

 account of the distention they occasion, but no evil can arise from clystering. 



5814. Inflammation of the bladder. When the body of the bladder becomes inflamed, there is frequent 

 staling from the very first attack ; but when the neck of the bladder is the seat of the evil, the squeezing 

 out of a few drops will only take place when the bladder has become filled, which may be known by pass- 

 ing the hand up the rectum. The treatment will be alike in both cases, and is the same as recom- 

 mended for the last affection. It must be evident, that warm, mild, and frequent clystering, must here 

 be peculiarly advisable. 



5815. Strangury or suppression of urine ; incontinence of urine ; bloody urine. Strangury may arise 

 from an injury done to the kidnies, or to the bladder, by strains, or by the absorption of irritating matters. 

 In these cases, bleed if there be fever, and if not, merely give the horse absolute rest ; mash him, give 

 gruel, and warm his water for drink. Bloody urine should be treated in the same way ; some horses 

 have such a natural or acquired weakness of kidnies, as to stale blood with their urine on every occasion 

 of over-exertion : the means frequently used for relief are such as aggravate the complaint, and indeed 

 are often the occasion of it, which are diuretics. Strong diuretics injure horses more than strong physic, 

 and benefit them less than any other of the popular means made use of. In retentions of urine, but par, 

 ticularly in the case of bloody urine, they are absolutely improper, 



5816. Diabetes, profuse staling, or pissing evil. This disease is more frequently forced on the horse, 

 by long continued diuretics, or from a similar effect brought on by kiln-dried oats, mow-burnt hay, and 

 some green vegetables, than acquired from constitutional indisposition. The horse first stales often and 

 profusely, he then becomes weak and faint, and sweats on any exertion. If it be at all constitutional, 

 his hide is bound from the beginning, and his urine will have a sweet taste; but if his appetite were 

 good, and his coat sleek, bright, and elastic when the urine was first observed to be immoderate, the evil 

 arises from some fault in the feeding, clothing, exercise, or other management of the horse. Examine 

 into these matters, particularly into the food, and next the water. Enquire whether diuretics have been 

 given, under an erroneous supposition of increasing the condition, and alter what may be amiss. If 

 this do not remove the complaint, try the following, after Blaine's directions : liver of sulphur two drachms, 

 uva ursifour drachms, oak bark one ounce, catechu half an ounce, alum half a drachm, : give as a daily 

 drink in a pint of water. 



5817. Stone and gravel. Calculous concretions are not uncommon in the large intestines of horses, where 

 they grow sometimes to an enormous size, lodged in one of the cells usually, and where they occasion but 

 little inconvenience, except a displacement occurs, when serious evils, as colic, inflammation, or total 

 stoppage, follow. In the bladder, stone is very seldom found ; and there is reason to believe, that though 

 gravel is a common term m the farrier's list, that it seldom if ever occurs ; injuries of the kidnies and 

 bladder being usually mistaken for it. 



SuBSECT. 6. Diseases of the Skin. 



5818. Manage is a contagious disease not uncommon among low bred and badly kept horses, but which 

 is seldom generated in those properly managed. When it is the effect of impoverished blood, a diflTerent 

 course of feeding must be substituted, not heating, but cooling though generous; as carrots, speared 

 com, malt mashes, stable soiling, &c. When it arises in full fed horses, bleed twice, lower the feed, 

 ing, substituting for corn, soilings, carrots, or bran mashes. Give a nightly alterative ( Fet. Pharm, 

 5881. No. 1. or 2.), and dress with either of the mange dressings. ( Vet. Pharm. 5923.) After a cure has 

 been effected, carefully clean all the apartments with soap and water. 



5819. Surfeit wUl now and then degenerate into mange, but more generally it is brought on by a fulness 

 of habit acted on by sudden transitions from cold to heat, or heat to cold ; it is likewise not unfrequently 

 the consequence of over-fatigue. If it show a disposition to spread, and the skin become scaly and scurfy, 

 treat as under mange ; otherwise treat as directed under want of condition. (5756.) 



5820. Warbles are of the nature of surfeits in many instances, in others they are brought on by the 

 pressure of the saddle, which either suppurate and burst, or become indolent and remain under the name 

 of sitfasts. In the early state, bathe them with chamberlye or vinegar : if they proceed to suppuration 

 refrain, and when they neither go back or come forward, put on a pitch plaster, and if this do not 

 promote suppuration, let the sitfast be dissected out. 



5821. Warts are common to old horses, and had better be put up with, unless they be situated in some 

 inconvenient or very conspicuous part. In this case tie a thread tightly around the root, and the wart 

 will drop off, or it may be cut ofl'. Blaine recommends the following, when warts are too numerous to be 

 so removed : crude sal ammoniac two drachms, powdered savin one ounce, lard an ounce and a half. 



5822. Hidebound is a state of the skin, where the interstitial matter between that and the fleshy pan- 

 nicle is not in a state to allow of its pliancy and elasticity. The binding down of the hide thus closely, acts 

 on the hair, which it protrudes in a contrary direction to its naturally inclined position ; and thus a staring 

 coat usually accompanies hide binding. In considering the subject of condition (5756.), we have seen that 

 it is not a disease of itself, but is in every instance a symptom only. 



SuBSECT. 7. Glanders and Farcy, 

 ' 5823. T7te glanders is the opprobrium medicorum, for hitherto no attempts have succeeded in the cure 

 of more than a few cases. By some peculiar anomaly in the constitution of the horse, although con- 

 clusive proofs are not wanting that this and farcy are modifications of one disease, and can each generate 

 the other ; yet the one is incurable, while the other is cured every day. When glanders has been cured, 

 the time and labor necessary to accomplish the end has swallowed up the value of the horse ; and has 

 also in many supposed instances of cure, left the animal liable to future attacks which have occurred. 

 The experiments on glanders, pursued at the veterinary college and by White of Exeter, have thrown 

 reat light on the disease itself, its causes, connections, and consequences ; but have done little more. 



rom these we are led to conclude that glanders will produce farcy, and that farcy can produce glanders. 

 That glanders is highly infectious, and that such infection may be received by the stomach, or by theskin 

 when it is at all abraded or sore: and it is also probable that it is received by the noses of horses being 

 rubbed against each other. White's experiments go to prove that the air of a glandered stable is not in- 

 fectious ; but this matter is by no means certain, and should not be depended on without a greater body 

 of evidence. 



5824. The marks of glanders area discharge of purulent matter from ulcers situated in one or both 

 nostrils, more often from the left than the right. This discharge soon becomes glairy, thick, nnd white- 

 of-egg-like : it afterwards shows bloody streaks, and is foetid. The glands of the jaw of the affected side, 

 called the kernels, swell from an absorption of the virus or poison, and as they exist or do not exist, or as 

 they adhere to the bone or are detached from it, so some prognosis is vainly attempted by farriers, with 

 regard to the disease ; for in some few cases these glands are not at all affected, and in a great many 

 they are not bound down by the affection to the jaw. As there are many diseases which excite a secre- 

 tion of matter from the nose, and which is kept up a considerable time ; so it is not always easy to detect 

 glanders in its early stages. Strangles and violent colds keep up a discharge from the nostrils for weeks 

 sometimes. In such cases a criterion may be drawn from the existence of ulceration within the nose, when- 

 ever the disease has become confirmed. These glanderous chancres are to be seen on opening the nostril 

 a little way up the cavity, sometimes immediately opposed to the opening of the nostril ; but a solitary 

 chancre should not determine the judgment. The health often continues good, and sometimes the condition 

 also, until hectic takes place from absorption, and the lungs participate, when death soon closes the scene. 



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