-Book VII. VETERINARY PHARMACOPEIA. 925 



matters himself, that the moment the wound following any of these operations looks otherwise than 

 healthy, locked jaw is to be feared, and no time should be lost in seeking the best assistance that can be 

 obtained. (5763.) 



SuBSECT. 8, Bleeding. 



5818. Bleeding is a very common, and to the horse a very important operation, because his inflamma- 

 tory diseases, on account of the great strength of his arterial system, run to a fatal termination very soon, 

 and can only be checked in the rapidity of their progress, by abstracting blood, which diminishes the 

 momentum of circulation. Bleeding is more particularly important in the inflammatory diseases of th 

 horse ; because we cannot, as in the human, lower the circulation by readily nauseating the stomach. 

 Bleeding also lessens irritation particularly in the young and plethoric, or those of full habit: hence we 

 bleed in spasms of the bowels, in locked jaw, &c., with good effect. Bleeding is general or topical- 

 General, as from the neck, when we mean to lessen the general momentum. Topical, when we bleed 

 from a particular part, as the eye, the plate vein, the toe, &c. Most expert practitioners use a large 

 lancet to bleed with ; and when the habit of using it is acquired, it is by far the best instrument, parti- 

 cularly for superficial veins where a blow might carry the fleam through the vessel. In common hands the 

 fleam {fig. 623.), as the more general instrument,; is best adapted to 

 the usual cases requiVing the agriculturist's notice. Care should, 623 



however, be taken not to strike it with vehemkcnce ; and the hair 

 being first wetted and smoothed down, it should be pressed close 

 between the hairs, so that its progress may ot be impeded by them. 

 A ligature should be first passed round the neck, and a hand held 

 over the eye, unless the operator be very expert, when the use of the 

 fingers will dispense with the ligature. The quantity of blood taken 

 is usually too small. In inflammatory diseases, a large "horse, parti- 

 cularly in the early stage of a complaint, will bear to lose eight or ten quarts : "and half the quantity 

 may betaken away two or three times afterwards, if the violence of the symptoms ssem to require it ; 

 and the blood should be drawn in a large stream to do all the good it is capable of. After the bleeding is 

 finished, introduce a sharp pin, and avoid drawing the skin away from the vein while pinning, which 

 lets the blood escape between the vein and skin : wrap round a piece of tow or hemp, and next day 

 remove th6 pin', which might otherwise inflame the neck. In drawing blood, let it always be measured : 

 letting it fall on the ground prevents the ascertaining the quantity ; it also prevents anv observation on the 

 state of the blood, which if it form itself into a cup-like cavity on its surface, and exhibit a tough yellow 

 crust over this cavity, it betokens an inflammatory state of body that will require further bleedings, 

 unless the weakness forbid. After the bleeding, it now and then happens, from rusty lancets, too violent 

 a stroke with the blood stick, or from drawing away the skin too much while pinning up, that the orifice 

 inflames and hardens, and ichor is seen to ooze out between its edges. Immediatelv this is discovered, 

 recourse must be had to an able veterinary surgeon, or the horse will lose the vein, and perhaps his- life. 



Sect. VII. Tlie Velerinary Pharmacopeia. 



5879. The foWov/'mg for mul(S for veterinary practice have been compiled from the works 

 f the most eminent veterinary writers of the present day, as Blaine, Clark, Laurence, 

 iPeel, White, &c. ; and we can from our own experience also, confidently recom- 

 jnend the selection to the notice of agriculturists, and the owners of horses in general. 

 3t M'ould be prudenit for such as have many horses, and particularly for such as live at a 

 <listance from the assistance of an able veterinarian, to keep the more necessary articles by 

 them in case of emergence : some venders of horse drugs keep veterinary medicine chests ; 

 and where the compositions can be depended on, and the uncompounded drugs are 

 genuine and good, one of these is a most convenient appendage to every stable. The 

 best arranged veterinary medicine chest we have seen, was in London, at the veterinary 

 elaboratory of Youatt of Nassau Street, Middlesex Hospital. 



5880. The veterinary pharmacopeia for oxen, calves, and sheep has been included in the 

 .arrangement. When .any speciality occurs, or where distinct recipes are requisite, they 

 have been carefully noticed ; it will therefore only be necessary to be kept in mind, that with 

 the exception of acrid substances, as mineral acids, &c. , which no cattle bear with equal im- 

 punity with the horse; the remedies prescribed require about the following proportions. 

 A .large ox will bear the proportions of a moderate sized horse ; a moderate sized cow 

 something less ; a calf about a third of the quantity ; and a sheep about a quarter, or at 

 most a third of the proportions directed for the cow. It is also to be remarked, that tl*e 

 degrees in strength in the different recipes, are usually regulated by their numbers, the 

 mildest standing first. 



5881. Alteratives. 2. 



I Winter's bark in powder, 3 drachms. 



Levigated antimony, 2 draehms. S'^!U''f,i?''.l'r^f "^ ^ half drachm.. 



Cream of tartar. 



Gentian, do. 3 drachms. 



Flower of sulphur, each half an ounce. . ^ake either of these into a ball with honey, and 



*^ ^ ' cj give every mornmg. ' 



3 



CreaK of tartar, -VVhite vitriol, 1 drachm." 



Nitre, of each half an ounce. Ginger or pimento ground, 2 drachms. 



3. . Powdered quassia, half an ounce. 



JEthiops mineral. Ale, 8 ounces. Mix, and give as a drink. 



Levigated antimony, 4. 



Powdered resin, each SdrachmS. Arsenic, 10 grains. 

 Give in a mash, or in corn and bran a little wetter!, Oatmeal, 1 ounce, 



every uight, or make into a ball with honey. Mix, and give in mash or moistened corn nightly. 



5882. Tonic Alteratives. 5S83. Astringent Mixtures for Diarrhoea, Lax, or 



1. Scouring. 



Gentian, 1. 



Aloes, Powdered ipecacuanha, 1 drachm. 



Ginger. Do., opium, half a drachm. 



Blue vitriol, in powder, of each 1 drachm, - Prepared chalk, 2 ounces. 



Oak bark in powder, 6 drachms. Boiled starch, 1 pint. 



