980 



PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE. 



Part III. 



and a cylinder of open 

 656 ..- --... 



house (/,g), to which the water is raised from a well by a forcing pump worked by the 

 gin wheel. Besides supplying the jet, it furnishes, by cocks and pipes, water for the 

 usual dairy purposes, the steaming or boiling of food for the cows, their drink, and 

 washing out the cow-house, the washing machine, &c. The churning room (6), is se- 

 parated from the milk-room by double doors, as is the latter from the cheese-room (c) 

 and store closet [d). The gin wheel (e) is worked by one or two horses, or oxen or 

 asses, according to the work to be done. The steaming and washing room f/, g) is a 

 large roomy apartment properly fitted up, and furnished with two boilers, a machine for 

 steaming cattle food, another for washing linen by steam; one impelled by the gin 

 wheel operating on an axle with beaters or lifters {j\g. 656.^^ 

 spars, which turns round in a box of water for washing 

 potatoes or other roots. The cow-house [h h) is calcu- 

 lated for forty cows to be fed from a broad passage in the 

 centre. At the south end is a large apartment {i) open 

 to the roof for hay, straw, green herbage for soiling, 

 turnips and other food ; and under it is an urinarium 

 vaulted, and from which the liquid is drawn by a Bu- 

 channan pump (4154. ) outside of the building, and some 

 yards distant. 



6301. The dairy-hause recommended by Br. Anderson, is sur- " ' 



rounded by double walls, the inner of brick or stone, nine inches or a foot in thickness; and the outer 

 about two feet distance, built of stone or turf; or a bank of earth faced with turf may be placed against 

 the inner walls. 



63()2. The size of the dairy-hovse should vary according to that of the number of cows. Marshal found 

 in Gloucestershire one for forty cows to be twenty feet by sixteen, and one for one hundred, thirty by 

 forty. The North-Wiltshire dairy-rooms have in general, he says, outer doors, frequently opening under 

 a pent-house or open lean-to shed ; which is a good conveniency, affording shade and shelter, and giving 

 a degree of coolness to the dairy- room. In one instance he observed two doors : a common close-boarded 

 door on the inside, and an open-paled gate-like door on the outside ; giving a free admission of air in close 

 warm weather, and, at the same time, being a guard against dogs and poultry. A conveniency which, 

 he thinks,would be an improvement to any dairy-room in the summer season. The inside wall may be 

 seven or eight feet high in the sides, on which may be placed the couples to support the roof, and the walls 

 at the gables carried up to the height of the coiiples. Upon these should be laid a roof of reeds, or thatch, 

 that should not be less than three feet in thickness, which should be produced downward till it covers the 

 whole of the walls on each side to the ground : but here, if thatch or reeds be not in such plenty as could 

 be wished, there is no occasion for laying it quite so thick. In the roof, exactly above the middle of the 

 building, should be placed a wooden pipe of a sulKcient length to rise a toot above the roof, to serve occa- 

 sionally as a ventilator. The top of this funnel should be covered, to prevent rain from getting through 

 it, and a valve titted to it, that by means of a string could be opened or shut at pleasure. A window also 

 should l>e made upon one side for giving light, to be closed by means of two glazed frames, one on the out- 

 side, and the other on the inside. The use of this double sash, as well as the great thickness of the wall, 

 and of the thatch upon the roof, are to render the temperature of this apartment as equal as possible 

 at all seasons of the year, by effectually cutting it off from having any direct communication with the 

 external air. 



6303. The dairy-house made use of by Wakefield of Liverpool, contains three apart- 

 ments ; a milk-house, churning-room, and room for the utensils. In the milk-house, 

 were the coolers ; a slab for laying butter on after it is made up ; cocks for drawing off 

 the milk from the coolers ; a large cock to throw water on the floor, which slopes a little 

 from that part ; cocks at the back part of the coolers, for letting in water ; a door, lat- 

 ticed, and another door most commonly used, but pannelled. In the churning-room is 

 a fire-place, a boiler, a large copper, also used when brewing. The room for drying or 

 airing the utensils is also used occasionally as a laundry. Over the whole are apart- 

 ments for the servants. 



6304. A very neat dairy for a private fimily may be made under the shade of two or 

 three tall trees, in the following manner : Build the walls of bricks, and hollow in Silver- 

 lock's manner, by which every course of brick-work is laid on edge, and forms oblong 



cavities (^j^f. 657 o), the bricks of the one course 

 being laid alternately lengthways (b), and cross 

 ways (c), and those of the next breaking joint with 

 these, by the cross ones being placed on the middle 

 of the long ones (rf). The elevation of such a 

 wall {e,f g) should of course be founded on solid 

 work, of breadth and thickness according to the 

 height of the wall, and nature of the foundations. 

 The plan of a dairy with such walls should contain 

 the three usual apartments for milk, churning, and 

 cl c h d utensils (/ij, and should have double doors and win- 



dows : the latter guarded by flywire. The elevation (t), may be of any style of simple 

 architecture. 



6305- As a complete dairy on a large scale, we submit the following. The plan 

 {fig. 658. ), is of an oblong form, and consists of the three usual principal apartments, 

 enclosed by walls of four inches in thickness, and surrounded by a passage two feet 



657 



