1080 STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE. Part IV. 



professor ; and as subordinate grades, may be enumerated the farrier, ( Ferrier, Fr. ; 

 Ferrajo, Ital. a smith, fromfenuniy L. iron.), cowleech, and castrator or guelder. 



6971. The agricultural draftsman, or artist by way of eminence, is employed in de- 

 signing and painting live -stock, implements, plants, and cultivated scenery ; the plans of 

 farms are taken by the land-surveyor, designs of buildings made by the architect, and 

 new inventions in machinery and implements are drawn by the inventors, whether mill- 

 wrights or agricultural mechanists. 



6972. The agricultural author may be considered as the most universal kind of agri- 

 cultural counsellor, since his province includes every branch of the art, and comprehends 

 times and practices past, present, and to come. The simplest variety of this species is 

 the author of single papers in magazines, or the transactions of societies; the most ex- 

 tensive, he who embraces the whole of the subject ; and the most valuable, he who com- 

 municates original information. 



6973 The professor of agricultural science {Frofesseur (T Agriculture oxi (V Economie 

 Rural, Fr. ; Hochlehrer von Ackerbau, or H. vou Land Ulrtschaft, Ger. ; Frofesor 

 d" Agricultura, Span. ; and Frofessore d" Agricultura, Ital.), when appointed by a perma- 

 nent or national institution, may be reckoned the highest grade of agricultural coun- 

 sellor : since he is not a self-constituted instructor, like the author; but ccnsiituted by 

 competent judges as capable of instructing the public. The first public professor of agri- 

 culture appointed in Britain was Dr. Coventry of the University of Edinburgh, about 

 1790; and the next Sir Humphrey Davy, Lecturer on Agricultural Chemistry to the 

 Board of Agriculture, about 1807 : both highly eminent as agricultural counsellors, in- 

 dependently of their other merits. There are agricultural professors in Dublin and 

 Cork. In almost every University on the continent there is an agricultural chair, and 

 in some of the German and Russian Colleges there are chairs for gardening (Gartnerey), 

 forest-culture (Forstwissenschaft), and rural architecture (Land Baukunst). 



Sect. IV. Fatrons of Agriculture. 



6974. Every man being a consumer of some description of agricultural produce, may 

 be considered a promoter of the art by causing a demand for its productions. The more 

 valuable consumers are such as live on the best bread, butcher's meat, fowls, and dairy 

 products ; and the greatest of all patrons, both of agriculture and gardening, are such as 

 fare sumptuously every day. 



6975. Amateur agriculturists, lovers of agriculture, promote the art by the applause 

 they bestow on its productions ; of which, to a certain extent, they become purchasers, 

 as of farming books, prints of cattle, implements, &c. 



6976. Connoisseurs, critical or skilful lovers of agriculture, promote the art in the 

 same way as the amateur, but much more powerfully, in proportion as approbation 

 founded on knowledge is valued before that which arises chiefly from spontaneous allec- 

 tion. By the purchase of books, models, attendance at agricultural exhibitions, &c., 

 connoisseurs encourage both counsellors and commercial agriculturists. Sometimes, 

 also, by their writings, of which Sir John Sinclair is an eminent example. 



6977. Employers of agriculturists, whether of the serving class, as bailiffs, stewards, 

 &c., or of the order of professors or artists, are obvious encouragers of the art. 



6978. Amatextr farmers are -pairons on the same principle as employers; and some- 

 times, also, they effect improvements, or communicate valuable information to the public. 

 Cline, the eminent surgeon, and Dr. Parry, the physician, are eminent examples. 



6979. Noblemen and proprietor farmers are conspicuous patrons. They render the 

 art fashionable, and by the general attention so directed, and consequent occupation 

 of many minds on the same subject, new ideas are elicited, and dormant talents called 

 forth and employed. Russel, Coke, Curwen, and Somerville, stand preeminent among 

 this species of patrons, and many others might be added. 



6980. Noblemen and gentlemen impovers, whether by planting, building, road- making, 

 establishing villages, canals, harbors, &c. are evidently gj-eater patrons of agriculture 

 than noblemen farmers, since their improvements affect society more extensively. As 

 decidedly at the head of this species of patron may be mentioned the late Duke of 

 Bridgewater and the present Marquess of Staflford, and to these names might be added a 

 number of others. 



