1190 



KALENDARIAL INDEX. 



Btam (4764.) are In some dry situations planted hi the last 

 week of the month ; and also pease, and sometimes oats, are 

 sown. On the whole, however, it is better to defer the beans 

 and pease till the first and second weeks of February, and the 

 oats till the two last weeks of that month. 



Spring wheat of the common kind (4022.) maybe sown where 

 the soil is suitable. 



7. Fences (2767.), Boads (3280.), and Drains. 

 (3909.) 



Hamthoms may be plantetl in fence-lines, in any of the differ- 

 ent modes. (2780.) Ditches, walls, palings, and all other 

 fences of the common kind may be formed ; but none where 

 hollies or other evergreens are to be used. Repir by the differ- 

 ent modes. (2794.) lloads and drains may be formed at all 

 times and seasons. 



8. Orchards (3170.) and Hop-grounds. (5398.) 



/jijne /rees and free them of moss. Where digging round 

 each tree is practised, this is a good season. Stake and tie 

 newly planted trees. Plant orchards. Trench ground for 

 hop plantations. (6400.) 



9. Wood Lands and Plantations. (3627.) 



Prepare the soil for planting. Plant deciduous hard wooded 

 trees in mild weather. Plant and sow the larger tree seeds, 

 whether in places where they are finally to remain, or in 

 nursery -grounds. 



Fell timber and coppice not valuable on account of its bark. 

 Stock up roots, stack them, and char them. 



Prune deciduous trees; fill up vacancies. Cut 'hawthorn 

 hedges. (2790.) Gather any tree seeds not before gathered. 



Drain wood-lands and cut paths or other openings required 

 through them, the leaves being now off the deciduous sorts. 



FEBRUARY. 



.: 1. Kalendar of Animated Nature round London. 



In the first meek : bees {apis mellifera) come out of their hives, 

 gnats (culex) play about, insects (insedw) swarm under sunny 

 hedges, and the earth-worm (lumbricus terrestns) Ues out ; hen- 

 chaffinches ( fringilla) flock, and the song-thrush, or throstle 

 {turdtis micsicus), and common lark {alauda arvensts) smg. 



Second meek .- the buntings {enUxriza alba\, and Imnets [frin- 

 gilla linota), appear in flocks; sheep (ovis aries) drop their 

 lambs ; geese {anas anser) begin to lay. 



Third meek: rooks {corvus frugilegus) begin to pair, and re- 

 sort to their nest-trees; house-spanows {fnnplla domestica) 

 chirp, and begin to build; the chaffinch {Jringilta ca:lebs) 

 sings. ... 



Fourth week: the partridge {tetrao perdruc) begins to pair, 

 the blackbird (turdus merula) whistles, and the wood-lark 

 {alauda arvensis et arborea) sings ; the hen {phasianus gallus) 

 sits. 



2. Kalendar of Vegetable Nature round London. 



Jn the first meek : the snowdrop {^alanthus nivalis),vihm (vlex 

 europceus), white deadnettle {larmum album), polyanthus {prt. 

 mula vens) flowers ; and the elder {sambucus nigra), and some 

 roses and honeysuckles begin to expand their leaves. 



Seamd meek : common crowfoot {ranunculus repens), dande- 

 lion (leontodon taraxacum), and the female flowers of hazel 

 {coryivs avellana) apjiear. 



Third meek : veronica agrestis in flower ; many of the poplar 

 and willow tribe show their catkins ; and also the yew {taxus 

 baccata), alder {alnus communis), the tulip {tulipa), crown im- 

 perial (fritiUaria imperialis), and various other bulbs, boldly 

 emerging fVom the ground. 



Fourtllmeek: the erica camea, wood strawberry {fragana 

 vesca), some speedwells {veronica), the groundsel, and some- 

 times the stocks and wall-flower {cheiranthus) in flower. Some 

 sorts of gooseberries, apricots, and peaches, beginning to open 

 tlieir buds. 



S. Farm Yard. (2740.) 



See last month. In taking in stacks to thresh, destroy ver- 

 min as much as possible (6855.). Clear away the bottoming of 

 straw, faggots, or other temporary matter, and leave the site 

 perfectly neat and clean : the poultry will pick up what grains 

 may have dropped. Be vigilant hi keei)ing stock of every de- 

 scription in order; wintering cattle by frequent supplies of 

 fresh straw and turnips, or other roots ; horses by soimd com, 

 and good pease-straw, or clover -hay, dispensing as much as 

 possible with wheat and oat straw. The evening food should, 

 occasionally at least^ be of carrots or potatoes. 



Poultry now lay freely, and if some indicate a desire to incu- 

 bate, so much the tetter where an early brood is an object. 



Men's lodge. There axe still a good many hours for mental 

 improvement. 



4. Live Stock. (5546.) * 



Sheep generally begin to lamb during this month, and re- 

 qiure unremitting attention from the shepherd. (6381.) At- 



grass lands, 

 ds as are 

 burning 



tend to feeding lambs as before (6483.), and to milch cows 

 (6183.) and fattening calves (6167.) 



5. Grass Lands. (5086.) 



See last month. Manures, where applied 

 may be laid i 



to he broken up, may now be pared with a view 

 next month. 



The watering of meadows in warm situations may be partial- 

 ly left off towards the middle of the month, to encourage the 

 growth of the grass. (4056.) 



6. Arable Lands. (4548.) 



Beans should be put in during this month. (4764.) Pease for 

 podding, and for a ripened crop may he sown at different pe- 

 riods (4739.), and tares for soiling or seed. (4795.) Oats sown 

 from the middle of this month to the midtlle of March (4694.), 

 unless on very old turf, where they may be sown later. It is a 

 common, but erroneous opinion, that old grass lands intended 

 to be broken up and sown with oats or beans, should be plough- 

 ed as early as possible, so as the frost may have some effect on 

 the furrow before seed time. But this, though most plausible, 

 is most dangerous doctrine, it being found from experience, 

 tliat lands so ploughed and sown, are always more subject to 

 have the plant of com destroyed by the grub, wire worm, or 

 other larviE. The only safe mode with such lands, is not to 

 plough them till about the middle of March, and then to 

 plough,'sow, and roll immediately afterwards. It would ap- 

 pear that by this practice the larvae of insects are buried so 

 deep, that they have not time to reach the surface before the 

 grain has germinated and grown out of the reach of their at- 

 tacks, or probably they may be so deeply buried as to be obliged 

 to remain another season under ground; it being known to 

 naturalists, that the eggs, larvae, and chrysalidai of many in- 

 sects, like the seeds of many plants, will, when buried too deep, 

 or otherwise placed in circumstances not favorable for their 

 immediate hatching or germination, remain there, retaining 

 their principle of life till they can make their way, or are by 

 accident placed in circumstances favorable for their develope- 

 ment. The safest plan, however, to break up old grass land, 

 is to pare and bum. (5278.) 



Spring wheat of the common kind may now be advantage- 

 ously sown (4603.), and barley is also sown in some warm spots 

 in the leist week of the month. 



7. Fences (3909.), Boads (3280.), Drains, Ditches 

 (2767.), Ponds (4130.) 



Hedges may be planted (2785.), grown ones pruned (2788.), 

 old ones plashed or cut down (2794.), and imperfect ones re- 

 paired. Walls built (2831.), water fences, and ponds form- 

 ed (4130.). 



8. Orchards (3770.) and Hop-grounds (5393.) 

 See last month. 



9. Wood Lands and Plantations. (3627.) 



As in last month. Where there is a nursery store, nut and 

 kernel tree seeds may now be sown. 



MARCH. 



1. Kalendar of Animated Nature round London. 



In the first meek : the ring-dove {columija palambus) coos ; 

 the white wagtail {motacilUc alba) sings, antl the yellow wagtail 

 {nvitncUlafiara) appears. The earthworm (lumJ)ricusierrestris), 

 and the snail (hebx), and shig (Umax), engenrtcT. 



*ieamd neck i the jackdaw {corvus twruxthdu) begins to come 



to churches ; the tomtit {parns cteruleus) makes its spring note ; 

 brown woocl-owls {strix ulula) hoot ; and the small tortoise- 

 shell butterfly ( papilio urtiae, L.) ajipears. 



Third meek: the marsh til mouse (parj( palustrts) begins bi.> 

 notes. Various flies {miixm) .ipiiear. The fox (cams ?//) 

 smells rank. The turkty-tock {milcngris gullu-iaiv) struts and 

 gobbles. 



