KALENDARIAL INDEX. 



1191 



. Fourth Tveek : the yellow hammer {emheriza cUnnella) and 

 fiWeen wood-iiecker ( vicus viridii) sing ; rooks, ravens {cyrvaj, 

 and house-i)ieons (colutnlxe) build; the goldfinch (fri7iinlUi 

 carduelU) sinfjs. Field- crickets (scurabceut) open their holes ; 

 and the common tlea ( jmUx irritaiu) appears. 



2. Kalendar of Fegetable Nature round London. 

 In the first week : various species of the pine, larch, and fir 



tribe in full flower ; the rosemary (rosemarinus qfjicimiiis), the 

 willow {salix') and bay {laurus jiobilis) in blossom ; various trees 

 and shrubs beginning to open their buds. 



Second tveek : the common honeysuckle {lonicera penclyme- 

 num), and some roses in leaf; crocus vemus, and other sub- 

 species, and some scilla; in (flower. Pilewort {Jicaria), and 

 creeping crowfoot (ranunciUus repens), hepatica, and elder 

 (lambaciu mgra), sometimes m leaf. 



Third tveek: saxifraga oppositifolia, (Iraba vema, daphne 

 pontica, and coUina; and lonicera nigra, in flower. 



Fourth tveek : the peach, nectarine, apricot, corchyrus ja- 

 ponicus, pyrus, japonica, crown imperial, saxifraga cra^ifolia, 

 buxus sempervirens, and other plants, in warm situations, in 

 flower, or just advancing to that state. 



3. Farm Yard. (2740.) 



Wintering cattle should be liberally supplied with food from 

 this time, till they can be wholly turned to grass : as straw and 

 hay gets drier at this season, more should be given, and the 

 supply of turnips, or other roots, rather increased than dimmish- 

 ed. Where oil cake, brewers' grams, and similar articles can 

 be obtained, they are valuable auxiliaries. Fatting cattle 

 (6183.) and milch cows (6174.) require continued attention to 

 food, cleanliness, and moderate exercise. Working horses 

 must be kept in good condition ; if they fall oft' now, they will 

 not recover themselves for several months. Potatoes may now 

 be cut into sets, preparatory for next month. 



4. Live stock. (5546.) 



She9p now drop their lambs freely ; and none pay better 

 than such as are turnip fed at this time, and finished off in 

 April, on forward pasture. As turnips begin to run to flower 

 about this time, they are apt to prove more than usually laxa- 

 tive,"and therefore the stock supplied with them should have an 

 extra supply of Iwy. 



5. Grass Lands (5086.) 



Meadows intended for mowing (5197.) should now be shut 

 up, their surface having been freed from stones or other extra- 

 neous matters, the furrows or water gutters made completely 

 effective, and, if the weather will permit, the surface bush-har- 

 rowed and rolled. Meadows which have been flooded during 

 winter will, in favorable situations, shew a considerable crop 

 of grass by the beginning of this month. Turn off the water 

 a week or ten days, till the surface gets firm ; then feed with 

 ewes and lambs, giving a little hay in the evening. Calves may 

 also be turned on these meadows, but nothing heavier. The 

 best mode is to hurdle off the grass in strips, in the manner of 

 eating turnips .or clover in the places of their growth. Moles 

 (6921\) and worms (6854.) are best destroyed at this season. 



6. Arable Lands. (4548.) 



There are few hardy seeds , whether of agriculture or garden- 

 ing, that may not be committed to the soil during this month. 

 Spring wheat of the common kind (4G03.) may still be sown ; 

 but if possible, not later than the middle of the month, oats 



(4650.), rye (4694.), barley (4659.), canarv com (5485.), buck 

 wheat (5490.), beans (4764.), pease, tares, &c. 



Clover and rye grass (4985.) may now lie sown among young 

 wheats after naked fallows, or among spring com in lands in 

 good heart and fine tilth. 



Field beet (4926.), carrots (4962.), parsneps (4951.), and 

 Swedish turmp should be sown the last fortnight of the month, 

 provided the land is dry enough to be sufficiently cleaned, and 

 pulverized to the depth of at least a foot. It more frecjuently 

 hajipens that this cannot be got done till the beginning of April, 

 and hence this class of seeds are seldom got in before the mid- 

 dle of that month. The carrots should be first sown, and the 

 Swedish turnip will bear to be the latest. Lands intended for 

 potatoes, cabbages, turnips, transplanted Swedish turnip, and 

 other plants of the Brassica kind should be brought forward liy 

 such ploughings, cross ploughings, and workings with thegrub- 

 l)er, as their nature and state may require. It is one great ad- 

 vantage of the common white turnip, that it admits of two 

 months more time for preparing the soil than other root or 

 Brassica crops. Summer or wheat fallows require at least one 

 furrow in course of the month. 



7. Fences {TtQl.),Roads \ 



.), and Drains {S909.) 



Thorns and other hedge plants may be put in, but the earlier 

 in the month the busmess is completed the better. This is an 

 excellent season for making or repairing roads (347.3.), drains, 

 ponds, embankments, &c. tne ground being still moist, and the 

 days sufficiently long to admit of a man's laboring ten hours, 

 or froifr six to six. In Janujiry, the ground is often too wet, or 

 frozen, or covered with snow, and the days too short for advan- 

 tageous day labor. In July and August the ground is too dry 

 and hard for spade work, and day labor high on account of the 

 proximity of hay time and harvest. 



8. Orchards (3770.) and Hop-grounds. 



3.) 



Finish pruning fruit-trees (3798.), and also digging round 

 their stems, if that is practised. (3806.) WTiere young orchards 

 are grazed, see that the guards or fences to the single trees are 

 in repair. 



Form plantations of hops (5393.), and open up and dress the 

 hills of established plants, retmning the mould to their roots. 

 (5116.) 



9. Wood Lands and Plantations. (3627.) 



In the tree nursery, finish sowing acorns, keys, nuts, mast, 

 berries, stones. Sow also the lighter trees, as poplar seed 

 (where it can be got), willow, birch, alder, elm, &c. Trans- 

 plant from the seed bed, or from narrow to broader intervals, 

 and attend to other parts of the usual routine culture. 



New plantations may still be planted, endeavoring if possible 

 to fimsh puttmg in deciduous trees with the month ; using the 

 puddle in dry weather (3666.), and fixing by water (3667.) 

 Where large trees are introduced, the latter generally requue to 

 be staked. 



Evergreens of the harder kinds, as the Scotch pine, spruce fir, 

 &c. may be transplanted in the last week of the mpnth, but not 

 safely before. They are often put in during any of the winter 

 months, but the result shews the impropriety of the practice. 



FUl up blanks (3683.) in young plantaUons and hedges, and 

 fell timber, cut over coppice woods, and thin out young woods 

 as in last month. When plantations are to be raised from seed 

 where they are to remain for timber (3645.), this is the month 

 for most seeds, but April is better for the pine and fir ti ibe. 

 Sow the others in the second or third week of the month, and 

 if resinous trees are to be mixetl, a sprinkling of their seeds 

 can be sown over the others in April. 



APRIL. 



1. Kalendar of Animated Nature round London. 



In the first week : the viper (coluber l>enis) and woodlouse 

 {oitiscus dsellits) appear: the misseltoe-thrush (turdus viscivorus 

 jiairs; frogs (rarue) croak and spawn, and moths (pludeena) 



Second week: the stone curlew [charadrius cedicnemus) cla- 

 mors; young frogs {rami temporaria) appear. The pheasant 

 iphasianus) crows; the trout {salmotrutla) rises; and spiders 

 (araiiea) abound. 



Third week : the crested wren [motaalla regulus) sings ; the 

 blackbird {turdus merula), raven {cortnis corax), jiigeon {ciilutnba 

 domestica), hen (phasianus ^allus), and duck {atuis boschti) sit; 

 various insects appear ; and the feldfare {turdiu 2>ilttris) is still 



Fourth week: the swallow {hirtituto rustica) returns; the 

 nightingale {molacUla lucinia) sings ; the bittern {ardea rotellaria) 

 makes a noise ; the house martin (hirundo urbica) appears ; the 

 black -cap {motacilla atracapilla) whistles; and the common 

 snake (coltiber ttatrix) ayi^eaxs. 



2. Kalendar of Vegetable Nature round London. 



In the first week: the daHTodil {narcissus pseudo-narcissus), 

 the garden hyacinth {hyacinthus iineiiitUis), the wallflower 

 {cheiranthus cheiri), the cowslip (primula officinalis), the peri, 

 winkle {vinca), sloe {prunus spiruuia), and various other herbs 

 and trees in flower. 



Secotid week : the ground-ivy {glecotna hederacea), gentianella 

 {gentiajia acaulis), pulmonaria virginica, the auricula, iberis 

 sempervirens, omphaloides, vema, and mbst of jthe common 

 fruit-trees, and fruit-shrubs in flower. 



Third tveek : some robinim, andromedse, kalmia?, and other 

 American shrubs ; daphne laureola, ulmus campestris, chryso- 

 plenium oiniesitifbhum, mercwrialis p enm pnd other plants 

 in flower. 



4 



Fourth week : the beech (Jligtts) and elm (uJmus) in flower ; 

 ivy-berries drop from the racemes ; the larch in leaf, and the- 

 tulip and some white narcissi and fritillaries in flower. 



3. Farm-yard. (2740.) 



This month will in most situations terminate the wintering, 

 of cattle in the straw-yard. Straw is now very dry, therefore' 

 tumi)>s, or other green food or roots, should be added m pro- 

 portion. 



Horses should be kept in high order on account of the hard 

 work and extra e.xertion often required of them during this 

 mynth. If there are carrots or |itatoes to steam for them 

 once a day, that will greatly aid hay and com ; if not, steam a 

 part of the hay. 



The accidental supplies of food for store pigs and poultry are 

 less abundant during this month, liecause less time (-an Im; 

 spared for threshing. There are fewer wintering cattle, ancf 

 the yards are generally now cleaned out for the field dung- 

 hills. 



4. Live stock. (5546.) 



The end of this month is a good time for marcs to foal (5960. ), 

 and they should have the horse accordingly. (5965.) Attend 

 at the proper i>eriods first to moderate working, and then to 

 entire ease liefore foaling time. (5972.). . 



Cows must still be well fed with roots or steamed food, within 

 doors, letting them taste the grass occasionally towards the end 

 of the month. (6183.) 



Sheep and lambs generally require a good deal of artificial food 

 durin;; the first half of this month. When the tumijis are 

 exiiendetl, clover hay, grains of barley which have been malted. 

 I rape cake or lin.seed cake, are the next resources. (5472.7^ 

 About the' end of the month they may be turned on the pa.s- 

 tures, and then it is that nuitton generally drops in price; a 

 I hint to the farmer to sell all he can in the early part of April 



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