KALENDARIAL INDEX. 



1193 



splcuously (luring winter. The rest in this department is mere 

 routine. 



8. Orchards {TnO.)and Hop-graunds. (5393.) 



Grafted trees should be looked over occasionally, and any that 

 the clay has dropped from recovered. Remove suckers and 

 superfluous side shoots. 



Stir and clean the hop-phttttatioris ; place the poles, tie the 

 \ines where necessary, and towards the end of the month, 

 when tlie number of shoots wanted have taken the lead, cover 



the Btool or centre of the plant with a smaU hill of soil, to pre- 

 vent It firom sending up more shoots. 



9. Wood Lands and Plantations. {tMH .) 

 Continue to bark oak trees, 'and also the larch, and such 

 others as are adapted for the farmer (5740), but finish, if pos- 

 sible, by the middle of the month. Keep newly-planted large 

 trees properly staked, and all kmds of cultivated ground clear 



JUNE. 



1. Kalendar of Animated Nature round London. 



In the first meek : the sedge-sparrow {passer arundinacea), the 

 fly-catcher (musdcapa atricapiUa), the wasp (vespa vulgaris), 

 and several sjiecies of the bee and butterfly appear. 



Sectnid meek: the "burnet moth (sphitixfilipettdula), andforest- 

 tly {hippobosca equina) appear ; bees swarm. 



Third meek: several flies, butterflies, moths, beetles, and 

 other insects appear. 



Fmirth meek: insects abound; and singing-birds begin to 

 retire to the woods, and leave oft' singing. 



2. Kalendar of Vegetable Nature round London. 



In the first meek : water-lilies (nymphcea, et nuphar) flower ; 

 also iris pseud -acorus, anthemis cotula, polygonum persicaria, 

 malva rotundifolia, and numerous other plants. 



Hecoiul meek : the vine, raspberry, and elder in fiUl flower ; 

 also various Scotch roses (rasa spinosissima), broom {spartimn), 

 nettle (urtica), and wheat in the ear. 



Third meek : the orchis, epilobium, iris xiphium and xiphi- 

 oides, the hardy ixise and gladioli, and a great variety of garden 

 and Held plants in flower; also the wheat and many of the 

 pasture grasses. 



Fourth meek: some black apd red currants ripe, straw- 

 berries in abundance; young shoots of trees and shrubs have 

 nearly attained their length. Oats and barley in flower ; blue- 

 bottle, scabious, (centaurea cyanua), and numerous others in 

 bloom. 



3. Farm.yard. (2740.) 



Soiling is the principal operation now going forward (5004), 

 and requires the utmost attention to the cleanliness of the 

 animals, whether fatting cattle, feeding milch cows, or 

 horses. 



4. Live stock. (5546.) 



Wash and shear sheq) (6441.); examine flocks individual !v 

 as to the fly (6436.) ; see to shade for every description of stock 

 when the weather is hot. Bees swarm during this and next 

 month. 



5. Grass Lands. (5086.) 



Hatf-making is now a principal business (5006. and 5217.) 

 Any 'tussocks or flower-stalks (bents) which appear, not- 



witfotanding the close feeding of April and May, should 

 now be mown (5201.); thistles and similar weeds cut out 

 close by the root (5542.); pare and bum as in May (2971.) 

 clean out ponds, water-courses, wells, &c. See that clovers, 

 tares, or other soiling crops are mown close to the soil. 



6. Arable Land. (4548.) 



Great part of the turnip process goes on during the three 

 first weeks of this month and the latter half of May. (4876.) 

 Dung fallows and otherwise bring.them forward (4568.); drain- 

 ing (3909.), levelling, altering ridges, &c., as the case may re- 

 quire ; weed broad-cast crops, and stir the soil between such 

 as are in rows. W ' 

 now be commenced 

 (4893.) 



Warping, where it can be practised, may 

 (4117.); thin out the fiist sown turnips. 



7. Fences (2767.), Roads (3280.), and Drains. 

 (3909.) 



Weed hedges, but avoid clipping them, which 'only creates a 

 close surface of feeble shoots, that in the end becomes so thick 

 as to exclude light and air from the central stems, emd occa- 

 sions their languishing and death. (2792.) 



Dig and otherwise prepare materials for roads (3386.) and 

 drains. (3963.) 



8. Orchards (3770.) and Hop-grounds. (5393.) 

 Insects, or other effects of what are called blights, can seldom 



be destroyed on so large a scale as that of the farm-orchard or 

 hop-garden. Burning weeds or wet straw, litter, &c. will do 

 something ; and on a small scale, washing with lime-water, 

 soap-suds, tobacco-water, or a mixture of these, will prove 

 effectual. (3440.) Those who tie the binds or vine of the hop 

 to the poles, instead of leaving them to nature, have generally 

 completed the operation by the middle of the month. In 

 some early spots the superfluous, shoots are cut off about the 

 end of the month. 



9. Wood Lands and Plantations. (3627.) 



The wood-man is now t hiefly employed in trussing up the 

 branches of barked trees, and otherwise disposing of what is 

 unfit for timber purposes. (3745.) Old cojises or stools of trees, 

 woods, or hedges, may now be advantageously stocked up, 

 stacked, and, when dry, charred for fuel. (3762.) 



JULY. 



1. Kalendar of Animated Nature round London. 



In the first meek : the cuckoo (cuciUus canorus) leaves of!' sing- 

 ing ; the stone-curlew {chanulrius adiaienms) whistles occasion- 

 ally late at night, and the golden-crested wren {tnoladlla regu- 

 lus) now and tnen chirps. . , ^,. 



Sccmul meek: the quail (tetrao ferrugtnem) calls; the cuckoo- 

 spit, or frog-hopper (cicada spumaria) abounds. 



Third meek : young frogs migrate. Hens moult. 



FouHh roeck : the great horse-fly (tabarms bovinus) appears ; 

 and partridges fly. 



2. Kalendar of Vegetable Nature round London. 

 In the. first meek: enchanter's nightshade (circaa lutetiana) and 



lavender (lavendvla spied) in flower, and pinks and carnations 

 in full bloom. 



Secoiulmeek: the fallen star {tremeUa mistnc) appears; also 

 puff -l)alls {hjcoperdon bovista), and sometimes the common mush- 

 room {agancus campestris) , 



Third meek: raspberries and gooselierries ripe, iwtatoes in 

 flower, asparagus in berry, the liliums in jjerfection. 



Fourth meek : the truiJle (tuber ciburimn) now hunted, or dug 

 up in commons and forests; nightshade (solanum nigrum), 

 divil's bit .scaliiosa succisa), burnet-saxifrage (pimi>ineUa tax- 

 ifragu), and a ;;reat number of pUuits in flower. 



3. Farm-yard. (2740.) 



As in June; between hay and com harvest is generally 

 a very good time for the farmer to make a tour to observe 

 more extensively the practices of his own district, and to wit- 

 ness those of other districts. 



4. 5. Live Stock (5546.) and Grass Lands. (5086.) 



Lambs are now weaned (6428.) when not fattened off; at 

 first they require the richest keep. As green food will now be 

 abundant, every animal al)out a farm that can live and thrive, 

 or answer its end by the soiling system, should be so treated. 

 The weather teing hot, cattle or sheep in fieltLs must be fre- 

 quently looked to, as to shade, water, and abundant keeji. 

 Suffering from thirst, or a want of footi, they are very ajit to 

 break through fences, which at this season is more than usually 

 injurious, on account of the state of the com crops. 



6. Arable Lands. (4548.) 



Attend to weeding, hoeing, and ot^ierwise moving the soil 

 between rowed crops, more especially potatoes and turnips- 

 Towards the end of the month, the first-sown white tuml}> 

 will be in a state to thin out; and a farther thinning may 

 be advantageously given to field beet, carrots, itc. at this sea- 

 son. Where pease arc sown for podding, they will nw b iu 



