1194 



KALENDARIAL INDEX. 



abundance for gathering ; In warm situations sooner. Buck 

 wheat may now be. sown for autumnal food for game. (3490.) 



7. Fences (2767.), Roads (3280.), and Drains. 

 (3909.) 



As in^Jnne. 



8. Orchards (3770.) and Hop-grounds. (5393.) 



Cherries, strawberries, gooseberries, &c. where grown as 

 field-crops, are now in gathering, and towards the end of the 

 month, fallen apples and plums for tarts. Hop-grounds are 

 ' Uhesi -,-..,.., 



looked over, and t 



for tarts, 

 e^superfluous vine pruned off, &c. In.Kent 



and other places these prunings are often a perquisite of tha 

 primer, who lays them aside as fodder for cows. 



9. Wood Lands and Plantations. (3627.) ', 



'~ As in June; and prune the gean, which at other seasons is 

 apt to bleed. (5092.) This season answers perfectly for pruning 

 all sorts of trees, and if their leaves and spray were an object for 

 fodder, as in Sweden and Ital^, no doubt it would be preferred. 

 (3691. and .5693.) Wounds m trees do not now bleed as they 

 sometimes do in spring and autumn, and they heal, and are 

 in part covered over with bark, before the approach of winter. 

 (3696.) 



AUGUST. 



1. Kalendar of Animated Nature round London. 



In the first meek: flying- ants (/ormica) appear ; bees kill their 

 drones; and the swallow-tailed butterfly {papilio machaon) 

 appears. 



Second week : young martins {hirumlo vrbica) and swallows 

 {hirumlo rustica) begin to congregate, and swifts (hirumlo apus) 

 to depart; the-whame, at h\XTie\-t\y (cestriuibovis) lays eggs on 

 horses. 



Third meek : the black-eyed marble butterfly (papilio semele) 

 appears. Various birds reassume their spring notes. 



Fourth meek : the nuthatch (sitta europiea) chatters, the stone- 

 curlew (charadrivs adicnemns) whistles at night, the goat- 

 sucker (caprimulgus europxus) and young owls (strix ulula) 

 make a no&e in the evening; robin-redbreast (moiacilla rubicola) 

 sings ; and rooks roost on their nest-trees. 



2. Kalendar of Vegetable Nature round London: 



Inthefirst meek: melilot (trifolium officinale), rOie (ritta graveo- 

 lens), yellow succory (picris hieracioides), hurdock (arctium lappa) 

 in flower ; the bread-corns ripe. 



Second meek: wild clary (siilva verbenacea), meadow-rue 

 (tkalictruxn fiavum), ploughman's spikenard (conyza squarrosa), 

 and various other natives in flower. 



Third meek : the mallow (malva), lavaiera, hollyhock (alcea 

 rosea), and lobelias, among the garden -flowers; and the poly- 

 gonums and potamogetons among the wild plants now m 

 blossom. 



Fourth meek: the autumnal crocus (cdchicum aidumnale), 

 aster, solidago, senecio paludosus, teasel (dipsacm fuJlonum), and 

 various other plants in flower. The earlier varieties of all the 

 hardy kernel fruits ripe. 



3. Farm.yard. (2740.) 



The rick-yard should now be attended to (2744.); stack- 

 stands repaired or put in order : bottoming of faggots, and 

 straw or rape haulm got together ; thatch in readiness, and 

 ropes made. (2947.) 



At any spare period the teams may be employed carting out 

 the summer-made dung to the wheat fallows, or to form field 

 dunghills for spring crops, &c. 



4. Live stock. (5546.) 



Select the stock of lamJjs to be kept as breeders. (6434.) 

 Swine commonly bring their second litter of pigs in this month, 

 which, owing to the dropping com, is generally one of abund- 

 ^t keep, both for them and poultry. Farmers in some places 

 look to the stubbles as a source of good food for their cows, as 



others do to the fallows for keep for their sheep. Where 

 either is the case, the culture must be of a very mferior de- 

 scription. 



5. Grass Land. (5086.) 



Wbere meadows are manured, that operation generally goes 

 on after the hay is removed, or during winter ; the surface in the 

 former case being hard with drought, and in the latter by 

 frost. Aftergrass should in general be shut up and reserved for 

 later keep, and in some cases as a winter resource. Keep down 

 weeds, tussocks, anthills, &c. Turn the water on meadow- 

 lands as soon as the hay is removed, and let it remain till a 

 third crop is in forwardness. (4058.) 



6. Arable Lands. (4548.) 



Weed and stir amon^ green crops, earth up potatoes (4863.), 

 but by no means tumips, as that operation only prevents them 

 from attaining a full size. (4893.) Reaping commences in all 

 the southern districts in the first week of this month, and in 

 some by the middle of July. When the operation is executed 

 by day-work, the most unremitting inspection of the master is 

 necessary ; and even when the greatly preferable mode of reap- 

 ing by the acre is adopted, he should'be continually in motion 

 from one party to another, to see that the operation "is performed 

 low and clean. 



Naked falltnvs in late situations receive the seed furrow dur 

 ing this Hionth, excepting in cases where the seed is ploughed 

 in, an operation generally referred to the middle of September. 

 Sow cabbage-seeds (4969.) for plants to put out in Anril next. 

 Sow turnips after early pease which have been podded (4753.), 

 or early cut Avheat, tares, cabbages, &c. or after hemp and flax, 

 which are generally pulled by the middle of this month. (5292. 

 and 5327.) Grass seeds sown alone at this season (4925.) will 

 generally succeed better than at any other; they germinate 

 as well in spring, but the heats of July often bum up the 

 tender plants. 



7. Fences (2767.), Roads (3280.), and Drains, 

 (3909.) 



As in the two preceding months. 



8. Orchards (3110.) and Hop-grounds. (5393.) 

 Apples and plums of some sorts are now ripe. Grafts may in 



general be untied. Budding performed, and pruning, if desir- 

 able, as observed last month tmder woods and plantations. 



9. WoodlMnds and Plantations, (3627.) 

 See last month. 



SEPTEMBER. 



1. Kalendar of Animated Nature round London. 



Inthefirst meek: young broods of goldfinches (fnnf^Ua'car. 

 dmiis) appear. The linnet (frinf^illa liturta) conaregates. The 

 bull (/jo* tauins) makes his sludll autumnal noise'; and swallows 

 (hirundo natica) sing. 



Second meek: common owls (strix fiammea) hoot. The 

 satt'ron butterfly (papilio htjale), and willow red under-wing 

 jnoth (phaliena pacta) appears. Herrings (clupea harengus) are 

 MOW cheap. 



Third meek : the ring ouzle (tardus torqvatus) appears. The 

 fly-catcher (muscicapa atricnnilla) withdraws. 



Fourth meek : the stare (sturmis wlf;aris) congregates. The 

 wood-lark (alauda arhorea) sings. The woodcock (smlopax 

 rusticola), and feldfare (turdus 'pilaris) appear; and the swallow 

 ( hirundo rustica) departs! 



2. Kalendar of Vegetable Nature round London. 



In the first meek : the fungus balotus .albus appears, travel- 

 id's joy (clsmatis alba), and parnassia palustris in flower. 



Second meek : catkins of the hazel and birch formed ; blossoms , 

 and green, red, and black berries found on the bramble at the 

 same time. I>eaves of the sycamore, birch, lime, mountain- 

 ash, and elm begin to change color. 



Third meek: the ivy (hedera helix), laurel (prunus lauroce- 

 rastis), and furze (nlex europeeus) in flower. 



Fourth meek : hips, haws, and nuts rii)e. Leaves of plane- 

 tree (plafanus) tawny ; of the hazel, yellow ; of the oak, yellow- 

 ish-green ; of the sycamore, dirty brown ; of the maple, i)ale 

 yellow ; of the ash, fine lemon ; of the elm, orange ; of the haw- 

 thorn, tawny yellow ; of the cherry, red ; of the hornbeam, 

 bright yellow ; of the willow, hoary. 



3. Farm-yard. (2740.) 



The rick-yard is now the chief scene of operations, in petting 

 earlier crop's thatched (2948.) and later ones stacked. (3035.) 

 In all operations in this department attend, as far as circum- 

 stances will permit, to neatness. In the ca.se of a proprietor or 

 amateur, neatness, order, and high keeping are essential in 

 every department. 



