BOOKS BY CAMPBELL AND GIBBS 243 



the family rooms in some cases are in the attics, lighted from 

 the leads. In one design he plumes himself on not having his 

 windows " crowded " ; and indeed the amount of wall space 

 between the lower and upper windows is so ample that either 

 the lower must be far below the ceiling, or the upper far above the 

 floor. It would be tedious to multiply instances; anyone can find 

 them for himself by looking through his volumes. The point is 

 that many important houses of that time were built for state and 

 show, rather than for comfort and convenience ; and they afford 

 a striking commentary on the difference in outlook on daily life 

 between that period and our own among the wealthy classes. 



These particular manifestations were not merely a passing 

 fashion ; they were too widespread and too lasting for that ; yet 

 that they were in fact the outcome of fashion is proved by Pope's 

 Epistle to Lord Burlington (the fourth of the " Moral Essays ") 

 Avhich is in effect a vindication of common sense as opposed to 

 extravagance in buildings, gardens, and entertainments. Pope 

 credits Lord Burlington with the qualities he commends, yet in 

 none of the buildings attributed to that nobleman is common 

 sense very conspicuous. 



Another book on architecture was published by James Gibbs, 

 a contemporary of Hawksmoor and Vanbrugh, but somewhat 

 j'ounger, and who was one of the numerous architects encouraged 

 by Lord Burlington. He deservedly enjoyed a large practice, 

 and designed many churches and houses. He was skilful and 

 ingenious, and showed more originality than most of his con- 

 temporaries, particularly in his churches ; his houses go very 

 little outside the lines which were universally accepted as being 

 appropriate for gentlemen's residences. Like several of his 

 fellows he commended himself to the public by publishing 

 (in 1728) a large folio volume of his designs. These are well 

 worth study, for they were all either actually built or were 

 intended to be built, the erection of some being prevented by 

 the death of the client or by some other cause. They have 

 therefore a more vital interest than most of those in Kent's 

 " Designs of Inigo Jones." 



His Introduction is interesting. The work was undertaken, 

 he says, at the instance of several Persons of Quality, who were 

 -of opinion that it " would be of use to such Gentlemen as might 

 be concerned in Building, especially in remote parts of the 

 Country, where little or no assistance for Designs can be pro- 



