374 CAST IRON GRATES 



in as fixtures (Figs. 299, 300). Some of the patterns were 

 delicately modelled and charmingly designed, but as heat- 

 producers these grates were crude to a degree. They merely 

 held the coal. No attempt was made to regulate its con- 

 sumption, or to direct its heat into the room ; a large proportion 

 went up the chimney, and chimneys were still built of the 

 generous dimensions which had been customary in the days 



FIG. 300. Fire-Grate at Kew Palace. 



of wood fires. These generous dimensions were a length of 

 four or five feet by a width of two or three at the base, gradually 

 diminishing towards the outlet above the roof. Where the 

 flues passed through the bedrooms they occupied a large 

 amount of space, but generally left room at the sides for those 

 deep cupboards which are often to be found in old houses. The 

 only way to sweep such enormous shafts was for somebody to 

 clamber up them with a brush. This dirty and dangerous task 



