THE ORCHARD CROP 277 



the annual growths ? Can you tell by the character of the fruit scar 

 whether or not a fruit matured ? 



5. If there are fruit trees on the school grounds or on an available 

 orchard, till the soil around the base of some of them, from the trunk 

 to the outer spread of the branches. Observe the difference in growth 

 of the tilled and the unfilled trees. 



6 . Fruit judging. In exhibits fine fruit is usually shown on plates. 

 In the case of apples, pears, peaches, and large tree-fruits, five speci- 

 mens compose a plate. These should be labeled as to variety, and 

 should be true to name. They should be typical of the variety, as it 

 customarily develops in the region, and should be perfect specimens. 

 Abnormally large specimens are not likely to be typical in form or 

 color, and are apt to be coarse in texture and lacking in flavor. 



Uniformity in size, shape, color, and other characteristics are im- 

 portant factors to keep in mind. Each specimen should be sound, 

 free from bruises, free from insect or fungus injury, and should 

 have the stem intact. The stem is as much a part of the fruit as 

 is the skin. The specimens should not be polished. Fruit is usually 

 judged on the basis of 100 for a perfect plate. The score card used 

 in a state can usually be furnished by the agricultural college of that 

 state. A general score card is given in Appendix A. 



REFERENCES 



BAILEY, L. H. The Pruning Book. The Macmillan Company. 



CARD, F. W. Bush Fruits. The Macmillan Company. 



FLETCHER, S. W. How to Make a Fruit Garden. Doubleday, Page & 



Company. 

 FULLER, A. S. The Grape Culturist. Orange Judd Company. 



The Small- Fruit Culturist. Orange Judd Company. 

 GREEN, S. B. Popular Fruit-Growing. Webb Publishing Company. 

 HUME, H. HAROLD. Citrus Fruits and Culture. Orange Judd Company. 

 PADDOCK, W., and WHIPPLE, O. B. Fruit-Growing in Arid Regions. 



The Macmillan Company. 

 WAUGH, F. A. Plums and Plum Culture. Orange Judd Company. 



Fruit Harvesting and Storing. Orange Judd Company. 



Beginners' Guide to Fruit-Growing. Orange Judd Company. 



The American Apple Orchard. Orange Judd Company. 

 WICKSON, E. J. California Fruits and How to Grow Them. Dewey and 

 Company. 



