342 



THE ESSENTIALS OF AGRICULTURE 



large quantities, because of its somewhat laxative quality. Shorts 

 and middlings, if fed alone, form a pasty mass when mixed w r ith 

 saliva and do not furnish sufficient bulk. When middlings are 

 sprinkled on chopped hay or straw, the results have been satis- 

 factory, but their use is not common. Linseed meal and cotton- 

 seed meal are good protein supplements to rations for horses. 

 If fresh and pure, either of these by-products may be fed to 

 horses and mules up to one and one-half pounds daily or may 

 compose one eighth of the grain ration. Rye, ground or rolled, 



Small cannon, 

 or splint, bone 



Large cannon tone 



fetlock joint 



First phalanx 



Pastern joint 



Seat of high 



ring bone 



Coffin joint 



Seat of I 

 ring bone 



Seat of loiu splint 



'-rge extremity of small cannon, or 

 splint, bone, sometimes mistaken for 

 splint 



Sesamoid bones 

 Fetlock 



S econd phalanx 



Navictdar bone, the seat of coffin-joint 

 lameness and navicidar diseases 



Lateral fibro-cartilage, the 

 seat of the side bone 



Third phalanx, or coffin bone 



FIG. 174. The structure of a horse's leg in relation to defects and diseases 



and combined with barley and oats, is a good horse feed and is 

 used extensively for this purpose in countries where it is the 

 principal grain grown. 



445. Roughage. Mixed clover and timothy hay is excellent 

 for horses. Clover hay when clean and well cured is a good 

 feed for all kinds of horses and mules, except those doing rapid 

 work. It is especially valuable for colts and brood mares. Clover 

 hay frequently contains dust, which affects the horse's breathing 

 and lessens his endurance. Alfalfa hay resembles clover, but 

 contains more protein. In the regions where alfalfa is grown it 

 is fed extensively and with good results to all ages and kinds of 

 horses and mules. In the humid regions, and especially among 



