-. 

 VUI. THE SfK$b/f 131 



I cannot find when the word ' stalk ' first appears in 

 English : its derivation will be given presently. 



5. Gather next a hawthorn leaf. That also has a stalk ; 

 but you can't shake the leaf off it. It, and the leaf, are 

 essentially one ; for the sustaining fibre runs up into every 

 ripple or jag of the leaf's edge : and its section is different 

 from that of the flower-stalk ; it is no more round, but 

 has an upper and under surface, quite different from each 

 other. It will be better, however, to take a larger leaf to 

 examine this structure in. Cabbage, cauliflower, or rhu- 

 barb, would any of them be good, but don't grow wild in 

 the luxuriance I want. So, if you please, we will take a 

 leaf of burdock, (Arctium Lappa,) the principal business 

 of that plant being clearly to grow leaves wherewith to 

 adorn fore-grounds.* 



6. The outline of it in Sowerby is not an intelligent 

 one, and I have not time to draw it but in the rudest way 

 myself ; Fig. 13, a ; with perspectives of the elementary 

 form below, b, c, and d. By help of which, if you will 

 construct a burdock leaf in paper, my rude outline (a) may 

 tell the rest of what I want you to see. 



Take a sheet of stout note paper, Fig. 14, A, double it 

 sharply down the centre, by the dotted line, then give it 

 the two cuts at a and , and double those pieces sharply 

 back, as at B ; then, opening them again, cut the whole 



* If you will look at the engraving-, in the England and Wales series, 

 of Turner's Oakhampton, you will see its use. 



