THE ORIGIN AND ANTIQUITY OF MAN 65 



walk erect, have a higher intellectual development than 

 the man-like apes, but which would not yet possess 

 articulate speech. The Javan form seemed to fulfil 

 Haeckel's conception and has come to be known as the 

 Pithecanthropus Erectus. The figures show the Pithe- 



JZ. MOUSTCRIAN TYPE OF SKULL. V. SKULL OF AN AUSTRALIAN 



FIGURE 21. Comparison of Crania. 



canthropus skull with its low arch. We can now com- 

 pare the Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal, and Mousterian 

 crania with the skull of an ape and a man. Figure 21 

 shows this comparison and illustrates how these dis- 

 coveries have partially filled the gaps in the descent of 

 man. 



In 1907 a human jaw of great antiquity was discovered 

 in the sands of the Mauer River near Heidelberg. This 

 jaw lay in undisturbed stratified sand at the depth of 

 about sixty-nine feet from the summit of the deposit. 20 

 It is very different from that of the modern man, .being 

 wide, low, massive, and devoid of a chin, features in 



26 See figure 22. 



