BACES AND PEOPLES 205 



giving us a tall blond type; and in the third place, we 

 must show that this type of tallness and blondness when 

 characteristic of parents is inherited by their children. 

 The Chinese are a true race in accordance with these dis- 

 tinctions because such characters as round head, straight 

 hair, yellow skin and almond eyes are usually found to be 

 the combination of traits which the average Chinaman 

 possesses, moreover, the children of the average China- 

 man also possess these traits. 



The problem of the origin of races is well-nigh impos- 

 sible of solution because the facts relating to the gradual 

 differentiation of racial traits are lost in the darkness of 

 prehistoric ages. When history began, men found them- 

 selves already possessed of those characteristics of skin 

 color, hair form, and head shape, which serve as the 

 marks of race. We must base our explanation of this 

 process largely upon carefully framed scientific theory. 



In the present stage of our knowledge of this complex 

 problem, the following factors must be considered in any 

 theory of race origins. The most highly developed ex- 

 tinct anthropoid apes have been found in fossil remains 

 in Europe. The Pithecanthropus was found in Java. 

 The Neanderthal skull and the Heidelberg jaw were 

 found in the valley of the Rhine. Of living men, the 

 lowest in culture and brain capacity, are found in Aus- 

 tralia, Tasmania, and Africa. Of these lowest types of 

 surviving men, some are dolichocephalic 3 (long-headed) 

 and others are brachycephalic (round-headed). The 

 great area of distribution of the dolichocephalic, prog- 

 nathic 3 (marked projection of upper and lower jaws be- 

 yond the line of the face), woolly, frizzly or kinky-haired, 

 black men, is south of the equator in Australia and 



3 See figure 64. 



