218 SOCIAL EVOLUTION 



the Pyrenees, along the southern coast of 

 France and Italy, including Sicily and Sar- 

 dinia. (The Baltic race of Giddings is the 

 same as the Teutonic race of Ripley, and both 

 Ripley and Giddings use the term Mediter- 

 ranean to designate the dark long-headed 

 race of southern Europe. 11 ) 



Some authorities regard the Mediterranean race as 

 the living representative of the most ancient peoples of 

 Europe. 12 The population of Europe in the early and late 

 stone ages was long-headed. The substratum of paleo- 

 lithic and neolithic remains indicates that there existed 

 an ancient dolichocephalic race widely distributed over 

 Europe. There was the short-statured Neanderthal 

 race and the taller and more finely molded Cro-Magnon 

 race. Specialists have identified many other varieties, 

 but all skull remains point to the existence of this early 

 race with long heads. 



II. THE EUR- ASIAN RACE (relatively round-headed). 

 1. The Alpine Race. 



Characteristics: chestnut hair with hazel gray 

 eye, round head and broad face, medium 

 stocky stature, and variable but rather broad, 

 heavy nose. (A type intermediate between 

 the Baltic and the Mediterranean.) Its pecul- 

 iarities appear most frequently when the type 

 is found in greatest purity, isolated in a moun- 

 tain area. The ancient Alpine race may have 

 been exterminated in the lowlands and the rem- 



11 For description of these racial types, see Ripley, The Races of Europe, 

 pp. 120-130. 



12 Ripley, op. tit., pp. 461-465. 

 is See figure 71. 



