THE USEFULNESS OF EARTHQUAKES. 247 



inland from the sea had gained a fall of fourteen inches 

 in little more than a hundred yards. At Valparaiso, 

 the rise was three feet ; at Quintero, four feet. 



In February, 1835, and in November, 1837, a large 

 tract of Chili was similarly shaken, a permanent rise of 

 two feet following the former earthquake, and a rise of 

 eight feet the latter. 



The earthquake which took place at Cutch in 1819 

 is perhaps in some respects yet more remarkable. In 

 this instance, phenomena of subsidence, as well as phe- 

 nomena of upheaval, were witnessed. The estuary of 

 the Indus, which had long been closed to navigation 

 being, in fact, only a foot deep at ebb-tide, and never 

 more than six feet at flood was deepened in parts to 

 more than eighteen feet at low water. The fort and 

 village of Sindree was submerged, only the tops of 

 houses and walls being visible above the water. But 

 although this earthquake seemed thus to have a land- 

 destroying instead of a land-creating effect, yet the 

 instances of upheaval were, even in this case, far more 

 remarkable than those of depression. "Immediately 

 after the shock," says Sir Charles Lyell, " the inhabit- 

 ants of Sindree saw at a distance of five miles and a 

 half from their village a long, elevated mound, where 

 previously there had been a low and perfectly level 

 plain. To this uplifted tract they gave the name of 

 Ullah-Bund, or the ' Mound of God,' to distinguish it 

 from several artificial dams previously thrown across 



