288 THE FRUIT GROWER'S GUIDE. 



planted 6 feet apart = 908 per acre, price strong, 1 5s. per hundred = 11 7s ; good, 

 for planting with smaller apple trees, 12s. 6d. per hundred = 5 13s. 6d. ; total cost of 

 trees, 29 4s. and 21 6s. respectively per acre. These added to the cost of draining, 

 trenching, planting the trees and manuring => 35, amount to 64 4s. and 56 4s. pei 

 acre respectively, and represent the expenditure of forming a plantation of half-standard 

 apple trees in the most approved manner. 



The trees and bushes of a profitable size when planted come into profit in the 

 second year, poor trees and bushes iu the third or fourth, and about pay expenses in the 

 first year of bearing. From this, if due regard is given to thinning the fruit, so as to 

 have it fine and prevent stunting the trees by overbearing, the crops will increase 

 annually, reaching 60 for fruit sold about the seventh year. This sum will continue to 

 be realised annually for a number of years, for when the bush fruits fail the apple trees 

 will be at best period of production. If 25 expenses of cultivation, rent, tithe, rates, 

 and interest on capital is deducted from the return for fruit sold, a clear yearly profit 

 of 35 is shown. This is not reliable, for the crops of fruit vary according to seasons, 

 and are not full oftener than once in three years, and about 2.5 per cent, off the profit 

 of the best seasons ought to be set aside to meet the deficiencies of bad years. 



Bushes and pyramids are fashionable. Their advantages are : (1), the trees come 

 quickly into bearing, as they produce fruit the second year from planting; (2), they 

 may be set closely ; (3), the fruit is finer and the trees well under the control of the culti- 

 vator for applying the preventive and remedial measures against fungal and insect attacks ; 

 also for facilitating cultural operations. Its defects are: (1), the trees seldom sustain in 

 their late years the prospect they give at the commencement of bearing; ^2), after the 

 best period of production is reached the trees bear indifferently at the lower part or near 

 the ground ; (3), the blossoms are more liable to injury from spring frosts than those of 

 standard trees. This method of culture is, as a rule, best suited to gardens or sheltered 

 plantations. Th% trees should be on the English or Nonesuch Paradise stocks. 



Varieties to sell direct from the tree : Dessert. Mr. Gladstone, Devonshire Quar- 

 renden, Duchess of Oldenburg, Yellow Ingestrie, Lord Lennox, and Worcester Pearmain. 

 Kitchen. Improved Keswick Codlin, Lord Grosvenor, Potts' Seedling, Yorkshire Beauty, 

 Stirling Castle, Grenadier, Manks Codlin, and "Warner's King. 



For storing: Dessert. King of the Pippins, Beauty of Hants, Coz's Orange Pippin, 

 Wyken Pippin, Baumann's Reinette, Court Pendii Plat, and Sturmer Pippin ; Kitchen. 

 New Hawthorden, Small's Admirable, Queen Caroline, Lord Derby, Bismarck, New 



