FRUIT PLANTATIONS PEARS PYRAMIDS AND BL'SHES. 297 



out branches cut away, irregularities shortened, and the growths judiciously thinned 

 where too thickly placed. 



Pears. Half- standards on quince stocks or double-grafted are worked near the 

 ground, the pear taken up to form the stem, and the head originated at the height 

 required. Yarieties of spreading habit succeed at 12 feet apart, with columnar ones 

 between them 6 feet asunder. Bushes or pyramids to be root -pruned may be planted 

 6 feet apart. These being root-pruned will lift to other ground safely when the 

 permanent trees require the whole space. Instead of temporary pear trees, currant or 

 gooseberry bushes can be set 6 feet apart between the pears. This is a good plan 

 when it is not intended to extend the plantation. Pear trees on quince stocks thrive 

 on all good soils, also on light land, but on these mulching and liquid nourishment 

 must be given in the summer. Heavy wet soils are unsuitable, but clayey loams kept 

 open by gravel or flints, and having a fair depth of ameliorated surface, produce heavy 

 crops of large, bright, juicy, well-flavoured pears. The situation must be sheltered. 

 Crawford may be planted in two lines, 6 feet asunder, the trees in " opposite 

 vacancy " order, 9 feet apart, on the exposed sides as screens. Being a regular bearer 

 and of compact growth it will pay in fruit and in affording pollen for fertilising other 

 varieties. 



Suitable varieties for a plantation are : Summer Doyenne", Beacon, Clapp's 

 Favourite, Beurre Giffard, Jargonelle, Williams' Bon Chretien, Triomphe de Vienne, 

 Madame Treyve, Dr. Jules Guyot, Fondante d'Automne, Beurre Supcrfin, Beurre 

 d'Amanlis, Jersey Gratioli, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Doyenne Boussoch, Eyewood, 

 Marie Louise, Pitmaston Duchess, Bishop's Thumb, Durondeau, Comte de Lamy, 

 Duchessc d'Angoulcme, Beurre Hardy, Beurre* Bosc, finale d'Heyst, Beurre Clairgeau, 

 Marie Louise d'Uccle, Marechal de Cour, Princess, Beurre Bachelier, Beurre Baltet 

 Pere, Doyenne du Cornice, Beurre d'Anjou, Marie Benoist, Josephine de Malines, 

 Olivier des Serres, and Easter Beurre*. Yarieties for stewing: Yicar of Winkfield, 

 Bellissime d'Hiver, Catillac, and Yerulam. 



Low standard, or two to three years' pyramid or bush trees, cost 15s. per dozen, G 

 per hundred. At 12 feet apart = 302 trees = 18 2s. Gd. ; gooseberry trees 6 feet 

 apart = 908, at 1 per hundred = 9 Is. 6d. ; planting, staking, and manuring 10 = 

 37 4s., total cost per acre, exclusive of draining and trenching the land. The bush 

 fruit about pays expenses in the second year ; in the third the pear trees may yield Is. 

 each in fruit, and the gooseberry bushes Gd. each = 37 10s., or a profit, after deduct- 



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