xii 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



48. Root Pruning Right and Wrong Cuts 176 

 44. Root Pruning Practical Effects ... 176 

 46. Formiug Uup-shaped Trees ... ... 179 



46. Forming Fork-branched Trees ... 181 



47. Laying the Foundation of the Future 



Tree 188 



48. Forming Fan and Horizontal Shaped 



Trees 



49. Disbudding for Growths and Clean Stems 



50. Disbud.ling for Wood and Fruit 



51. Protecting Blossom from Frost 



52. Thinning Fruit 199 



58. Fruit Room Ground Plan 



54. Fruit Room Section ... 



55. Tools used in Connection with the Soil 



56. Knives, Scissors and Secateurs 



57. The Standard Tree Pruner, Bill-hook, 



Saws, and Aerial Hook 



58. Axes, Bill-hook, Saws, Hammer 



59. Barrows, Basket, Scraper Ladder and 



Steps ... 



60. Wounds in Fruit without Canker and 



with Canker 230 



61. Nectria ditissima Fungus causing 



Canker 



(32. Coryneum Beijerincki Fungus causing 

 Gum ... 



63. Cladosporium dendriticum on Apple ... 



64. Cladosporium dendriticum growing 



under Membrane of Apple ... 



65. Cludosporium dendriticum on Apple 

 . Leaf 



66. Cladosporium Jendriticum growing 



under Membrane of Apple Leaf 



67. Oidium farinosutn (Cooke) on Apple 



Blossom 



68. Oidium growing on Stamens and Pistils 



of Apple 



69. Oidium farinosum growing on Pollen in 



Open Anthers of Applo Blossom 



70. Moss and Lichen Scraper 



71. Infested Wood Lichen and Moss 



72. Clean Wood ... 



78. Woolly Aphis 



74. Woolly Aphis on Apple Tree 



75. Black Fly Aphis cerasi 



76. Black Fly Aphis cerasi on Growths 



no. 



77. 



78. 

 79. 



80. 



Xyleborus dispar infesting young Plum 



Tree 268 



Codlin Moth (Carpocapsa, pomonella) ... 26(? 

 Red Spider (Tetranychus telarius) on 



MelouLeaf 269 



Mussel Scale (Mytilapis pomorum) on 



Apple 278 



White Pear Scale (Aspidiotus rapax) on 



Pear 278 



Thrips (Heliothrips heemorrhoidalis) on 



Vine Leaf, Shoot, and Hunch of Grapes 275 



Hand-light Wasp Trap 281 



Wasp and Fly Trap 281 



Apple-blossom Weevil (Anthonomus 



pomorum) ... ... ... ... 282 



Figure-of-Eight Moth (Diloba cceruleo- 



cephala) on Apple ... ... ... 284 



Lackey Moth (Bombyx neustria) on 



Pear 285 



Small Ermine Moth (Hyponomeuta 



padella) and Web of Caterpillars on 



Apple Branch 286 



Vapourer Moth (Orgyia antiqua) on 



Cherry 286 



Mottled Umber Moth (Hybernia defo- 



liaria) on Plum 287 



Winter Moth and Eggs on Apple 



Branches ... ... ... ... 289 



Winter Moth Caterpillars infesting Apple 



Leaves and Blossom ... ... ... 291 



Tree barked by Rabbits, and Gap 



bridged over with Scions ... ... 299 



Sulphur Duster 302 



Indiarubber Distributor ... ... 302 



Malbec Bellows ... 302 



La Torpille Duster 302 



Hand-power Strawsonizer ... ... 303 



Bloxhara's Patent Fumigator ... ... 305 



Appleby's Fumigator ... ... ... 305 



Stott's Syringe for Spraying ... ... 306 



Snow's Patent Garden Pump 306 



The Stott Tree and Plant Washer ... 807 



Stott Sprayer 807 



M. Vermorel's Knapsack Pump Ecliiii- 808 



Boulton & Paul's Sprayer ... ... 308 



Shapes and Sizes of Apples ... ... 316 



Shapes and Sizes of Apples 320 



