50 THE FRUIT MANUAL. 



three quarters of an inch long, inserted in a rather shallow cavity. 

 Flesh, yellowish, firm, rich, and aromatic. Cells, roundish obovate ; 

 axile or abaxile. 



This is one of our best dessert apples, remarkable for its rich and 

 aromatic flavour ; it is in use from December to May. The tree is- 

 hardy and a free grower, attaining the middle size, but not an abun- 

 dant bearer ; it produces its fruit at the extremities of the last year's 

 wood, and great care should, therefore, be taken to preserve the bearing 

 shoots. It succeeds well grafted on the paradise stock, and grown as 

 an espalier or an open dwarf. 



This valuable apple was brought into notice by Sir Christopher Hawkins, who 

 sent it to the London Horticultural Society in 1813. It was discovered about the 

 beginning of the present century, growing in a cottager's garden near Truro. 



The name July-flower is very often applied to this and some other 

 varieties of apples, and also to flowers ; but it is only a corruption of 

 the more correct name, Gilliflower, which is derived from the French 

 Girofle, signifying a clove, and hence the flower, which has the scent of 

 that spice, is called Girojiier, which has been transformed to Gilli- 

 flower. In Chaucer's " Romaunt of the Rose " he writes it Gylofre: 



" There was eke wexyng many a ppice, 

 As Clowe Gylofre and liquorice." 



Turner writes it Gelower and Gelyfloure. The proper name, therefore,, 

 is Gilliflower, and not July-flower. 



CORNISH MOTHER (Mother Apple in Cornwall). Fruit, below 

 medium size, nearly two inches wide, and two and a quarter high ; 

 roundish, inclining to cylindrical, distinctly angular. Skin, smooth,, 

 almost entirely covered with crimson, which has broad broken streaks 

 of a darker colour dotted all over with russet dots ; on the shaded side 

 it is of a paler colour, and is streaked with crimson and yellow. Eye,, 

 closed, with erect convergent segments, set in a pretty deep and close 

 basin, which is angular and plaited. Stamens, marginal ; tube, conical,, 

 sometimes so deep as to extend to the core. Stalk, long and slender, 

 inserted in a deep narrow cavity. Flesh, greenish white, very tender 

 and juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour and agreeable aroma. Cells,, 

 roundish ; axile. 



A very good tender-fleshed dessert apple ; in use up to November. 



This was sent me from Cornwall by Mr. Vivian, of Hayle, under the name of 

 Mother Apple, but as there are so many apples which are known by this name it i 

 necessary to give them some specific distinction, and this I have named theCornibh 

 Mother. 



CORRAS APPLE. Fruit small, two inches in diameter, round 

 or oblato-cylindrical, sometimes roundish, even and regular in its out- 

 line. Skin, entirely covered with yellowish brown russet, except on the 

 sunny side, where it has a bright deep red cheek, glossy as if it were 

 varnished. Eye, with convergent segments, closed or half open, set in 

 a shallow depression. Stamens, median ; tube, short, funnel-shaped. 



