72 



THE FRUIT MANUAL. 



EMPEROR ALEXANDER (Aporta; Russian Emperor). Fruit, 

 sometimes very large ; ovate, even and regular in its outline. Skin, 

 smooth, greenish yellow with a few streaks of red on the shaded side, 

 and orange streaked with bright red next the sun, the whole strewed 

 with numerous russety dots. Eye, open or half open, with broad, erect 

 segments, set in a deep, even, and slightly ribbed basin. Stamens, 

 median or basal ; tube, conical or funnel-shaped. Stalk, an inch or 

 more in length, inserted in a deep, round, and even cavity, which is lined 

 with russet. Flesh, yellowish white, tender, crisp, juicy, and sugary, 

 with a pleasant and slightly aromatic flavour. Cells, ovate ; axile. 



A beautifuli and valuable apple, both as regards its size and quality. 

 It is more adapted for culinary than dessert use, but is also desirable 

 for the latter were it only on account of its noble appearance at the 

 table. It is in use from September to December. 



The tree is a strong and vigorous grower, producing long stout 

 shoots ; is perfectly hardy and a good bearer. 



This apple was introduced to England by Mr. Lee, nurseryman, of Hammersmith, 

 in 1817, and was exhibited by him at the London Horticultural Society, the speci- 

 men produced being five inches and a half in diameter, four inches deep, sixteen 

 inches in circumference, and weighing nineteen ounces. 



ENGLISH CODLIN (Common Codlin; Quodling). Fruit, large, 

 three inches and a quarter wide, and three inches high ; ovate or short 

 conical, wide at the base, generally taller on one side of the eye than the 

 other, and frequently with a snouted apex terminated in ridges round 

 the eye. Skin, lemon yellow, marked with patches and broad veins of 

 russet, especially about the apex and in the cavity of the stalk ; some- 

 times it has a thin red cheek on the side next the sun. Eye, closed, 

 with long, pointed segments, set on one side of the axis in a deep, 

 angular, and furrowed basin. Stamens, basal ; tube, conical. Stalk, 

 short, quite within the deep, uneven cavity. Flesh, firm, brisk, and 

 with a pleasant perfume. Cells, obovate ; abaxile. 



A fine old English cooking apple ; in use from August to October. 



The trees are excellent bearers, but in most orchards they are gene- 

 rally found unhealthy, being cankered and full of woolly aphis, which 

 Mr. Lindley attributes to their being grown from suckers and trun- 

 cheons stuck into the ground. He says "Healthy, robust, and sub- 

 stantial trees are only to be obtained by grafting on stocks of the real 

 Sour Hedge Crab ; they then grow freely, erect, and form very hand- 

 some heads, yielding fruit as superior to those of our old orchards as 

 the old and at present deteriorated Codlin is to the Crab itself." This 

 circumstance was noticed by Worlidge two hundred years ago "You 

 may graft them on stocks as you do other fruit, which will accelerate 

 and augment their bearing ; but you may save that labour and trouble, 

 if you plant the Cions, Slips, or Cuttings of them in the spring-time, a 

 little before their budding ; by which means they will prosper very 

 well, and soon become trees ; but these are more subject to the canker 

 than those that are grafted." 



