122 THE FRUIT MANUAL. 



very juicy, with a rich, sugary, brisk, and aromatic flavour. Cells, 

 roundish obovate ; axile, closed or slit. 



An early dessert apple of the highest excellence ; it is in use during 

 September and October. The tree is a free grower, hardy, and a 

 good bearer, attaining about the middle size. It is well adapted for 

 grafting on the paradise stock, and being grown either as a dwarf or 

 espalier. 



This was introduced chiefly through the instrumentality of Mr. Robertson, the 

 nurseryman of Kilkenny, m Ireland, who died there August 27, 1839, much 

 respected. 



KESWICK CODLIN. Fruit, above medium size, two inches and 

 three-quarters wide, and the same in height ; conical, angular in its 

 outline, the angles on its sides running to the crown, where they form 

 rather acute ridges round the eye. Skin, rather pale yellow on the 

 shaded side, but deeper yellow with an orange or blush tinge on the 

 side next the sun. Eye, closed, with long, narrow, connivent segments, 

 and set in a pretty deep and rather puckered basin. Stamens, median; 

 tube, conical. Stalk, about a quarter of an inch long, downy, inserted 

 in a deep cavity, which is marked with russet. Flesh, pale yellowish 

 white, very juicy, tender, and soft, with a brisk and pleasant flavour, 

 but becomes mealy after being kept for a month. Cells, ovate lanceolate ; 

 abaxile. 



One of the earliest and most valuable of our culinary apples. It may 

 be used for tarts so early as the end of June ; but it is in perfection 

 during August and September. 



The tree is healthy, vigorous, and an immense bearer, attaining to 

 the middle size. It succeeds well in almost every soil and situation, 

 and, when grown on the paradise stock, is well suited for espalier 

 training. 



This excellent apple was first discovered growing among a quantity of rubbish 

 behind a wall at Gleaston Castle, near Ulverstone, and was first brought into 

 notice by one John Sander, a nurseryman at Keswick, who, having propagated it, 

 sent it out under the name of Keswick Codlin. 



In the Memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural Society, 1813, Sir John Sinclair 

 says : "The Keswick Codlin tree has never failed to bear a crop since it was planted 

 in the episcopal garden at Rose Castle, Carlisle, twenty years ago. It is an 

 apple of fine tartness and flavour, and may be used early in autumn. The tree is 

 a very copious bearer, and the fruit is of good size, considerably larger than the 

 Carlisle Codlin. It flourishes best in a strong soil." 



KILKENNY PEARMAIN. Fruit, below medium size, two inches 

 and a half wide, and the same in height ; roundish, inclining to conical. 

 Skin, yellow, sprinkled with russety dots, and sometimes covered with 

 slight reticulations of russet ; tinged with orange and a few streaks of 

 red on the side exposed to the sun. Eye, small, and rather open, set 

 in a narrow basin. Stalk, short, inserted in a shallow cavity, and 



