176 THE FKUIT MANUAL. 



A dessert apple of first-rate quality ; it is in use from December to 

 April. 



This excellent apple was raised by James Carel, a nurseryman at Pinner, 

 Middlesex, in 1810. The tree first produced fruit in 1818, and was introduced to 

 the notice of the London Horticultural Society in 1820. 



PIPPIN. The word Pippin is derived from the French Pepin, the 

 seed of an apple, and in its earliest signification meant an apple tree 

 raised from seed in contradistinction to one raised by grafting or from 

 cuttings. Thus Leonard Mascal, writing in 1572, says, "Then shall 

 you cover your seedes or pepins with fine erth so sifting al over them " ; 

 and " when the winter is past and gone, and that ye see your Pepins 

 rise and growe"; and again, "When so euer ye doe replante or 

 change your Pepin trees from place to place, in so remouing often the 

 stocke the frute there of shall also change ; but the frute which doth 

 come of Grafting doth always kepe the forme and nature of the tree 

 whereof he is taken." 



It is evident from this last quotation that Pippin is synonymous with 

 seedling, and is used to distinguish a tree raised directly from seed 

 from one that has been raised from grafts or cuttings. The Golden 

 Pippin, which, by the way, was raised in Sussex, where Mascal also was 

 born, means simply Golden Seedling. 



But there was another meaning attached to the word. In "Henry 

 IV.," Shallow says to Falstaff, "Nay, you shall see mine orchard; 

 where in an arbour we will eat a last year's pippin of my own grafting." 

 And this is interpreted by what Sir Paul Neile says in his Discourse 

 of Cider, written in the time of the Commonwealth, wherein speaking 

 of " pippin cider," he says, " For by that name I shall generally call 

 all sorts of cider that is made of apples good to eat raw," and that is 

 evidently the signification in the above quotation from Shakspeare. 



Coming to more modern times, we have the word kernel, which is the 

 English equivalent of Pepin, also used to signify a seedling apple tree ; 

 as, for example, Ashmead's Kernel, the seedling raised by Dr. Ashmead, 

 of Gloucester ; Cook's Kernel, Knott's Kernel, and many others. 



PITMASTON GOLDEN PIPPIN. Fruit, small, -an inch and three- 

 quarters wide, and an inch and a half high ; roundish oblate or Reinette- 

 shaped, even and regular. Skin, rough to the feel, being entirely 

 covered with a coat of rough pale brown russet, and here and there 

 the smooth yellow ground colour of the skin shining through. Eye, 

 small and wide open, with the short remains of a deciduous calyx, set 

 in a wide saucer-like basin. Stamens, median ; tube, funnel-shaped. 

 Stalk, short and slender, inserted in a narrow cavity. Flesh, deep 

 yellow or saffron-coloured, crisp and tender, very juicy and sweet, and 

 with a rich flavour. Cells, ovate ; axile. 



A very fine dessert apple of the first quality ; in use in December and 

 February. 



This was raised by Mr. Williams, of Pitmaston, near Worcester. 



