38 THE FUR SEALS OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 



Above Polovina Point extend steep cliffs with a narrow beach of shingle, along 

 which harems are scattered in detached groups. Occasional breaks or runways in 

 the cliff wall give access to the flat ground above, and at one or two points the harems 

 overflow on the level. At the last break in. the cliff is a large hauling ground. 

 The cliff' then closes in, and for a half mile leaves no room for the seals to lie. Again, 

 as at the southern end, the> cliff' shades off' in a gradual slope to the sand beach, which 

 continues to the northward as far as Northeast Point. On this northern rocky slope 

 of the cliff is situated the small but picturesque rookery of Little Polovina, in reality 

 au overflow of the greater rookery. The Polovina rookeries have a population of 

 about 20,000 seals of all classes. 



4. Lulcanin (name of an early seal hunter). From Stony Point to the southward is 

 the great sand beach of Lukanin. At its eud rises the rocky slope of Lukanin Hill, 

 along which the rookery of the same name lies. At the northern end is the hauling 

 ground of the rookery. It is a favorite resort for the very young bachelors, a greater 

 proportion being found here than on any other rookery. Part of the breeding ground 

 lies at the foot of cliffs, which are easy of approach, and as the rookery is near to the 

 village it has been made the subject of close study by numerous observers. 



5. Kitovi (of the whale). This rookery is merely a continuation of Lukanin, from 

 which it is separated by the purely arbitrary boundary of Lukaniu Point. The 

 rookery lies along bold rocks, basaltic columns, and slopes of cinder and lava. It 

 is au ideal rookery ground, as the slight mortality of pups indicates, only about 109 

 dead pups being found in 189C in a total of 6,049. The hauling ground of this 

 rookery is unimportant, probably because the bachelors haul out with those from 

 Lukanin. The few which haul out at Kitovi proper are found at the southern end of 

 the rookery, back of Kitovi Bay. Kitovi and Lukanin are in reality one great 

 rookery. They represent a total population of about 25,000 seals. 



6. Reef (Russian, rifovoye). At the southern end of St. Paul Island another long 

 narrow neck of land juts out, known as Beef peninsula. On the southern shore of this 

 peninsula is the great breeding ground known as Beef rookery. The harems lie along 

 the irregular beach for a distance of nearly a mile. In the central portion the seals 

 extend back in long, wedge shaped masses for a considerable distance over the gentle 

 slope strewn with large bowlders. 



In the rear of the central portion of this rookery is the great hauling ground, 

 which lies in a hollow between two rocky ridges. Connecting this hauling ground with 

 the sea are four runways, which divide the rookery into five large masses. In two of 

 these runways occur ponds of water, which fill by the surf in the winter and become 

 indescribably foul in summer, as the bachelors wallow through them. 



Beef rookery is one of the largest on the islands. It is separated from its fellow 

 (Gorbatch) on the other side of the peninsula by a broad flat upland, known as the 

 "parade ground." This parade ground occupies the highest part of the peninsula. 

 It extends back from the perpendicular cliffs at the westward end in a long easy slope 

 to the eastward, where it falls to the water's edge at the beginning of the rookery. 



This space was a favorite playground for the bachelors of the two rookeries in the 

 palmy days, and the wandering bands of seals kept its surface bare. A few bachelors 

 still haul across it, but for the most part it is to-day overgrown with grass and weeds. 



7. Sivutch (sea lion) Rock. About a third of a mile off shore from Beef rookery 

 is a small crescent-shaped rocky islet. Its southern side is an abrupt cliff, but to the 



