THE PARIS AWARD. 233 



urged by it, and that " they were solicitous that this subordinate question should not 

 interrupt or longer delay the submission and determination of the main questions," 

 the high contracting parties agreed that " either of them might submit to the 

 arbitrators any question of fact involved in said claims and ask for a finding thereon, 

 the question of the liability of either Government upon the facts found to be the subject 

 of further negotiation ; " 



And whereas the President of the United States of America named the Hon. John 

 M. Harlan, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and the Hon. John T. 

 Morgan, Senator of the United States, to be two of the said arbitrators; and Her 

 Britannic Majesty named the Eight Hon. Lord Hauiien and the Hon. Sir John 

 Thompson, minister of justice and attorney-general for Canada, to be two of the said 

 arbitrators; and His Excellency the President of the French Republic named the Baron 

 de Courcel, senator, ambassador of France, to be one of the said arbitrators; and His 

 Ma jesty the King of Italy named the Marquis Emilio Yisconti Venosta, former minister 

 of foreign affairs and senator of the Kingdom of Italy, to be one of the said arbitrators; 

 and His Hajesty the King of Sweden and Norway named Mr. Gregers Gram, minister 

 of state, to be one of the said arbitrators ; 



And whereas we, the said arbitrators so named and appointed, having taken upon 

 ourselves the burden of the said arbitration, and having duly met at Paris, proceeded 

 impartially and carefully to examine and decide all the questions submitted to us, the 

 said arbitrators, under the said treaty, or laid before us as provided in the said treaty 

 on the part of the Governments of Her Britannic Majesty and the United States, 

 respectively; 



Xow we, the said arbitrators, having impartially and carefully examined the said 

 questions, do in like manner by this our award decide and determine the said ques- 

 tions in the manner following; that is to say, we decide and determine as to the five 

 points mentioned in Article VI as to which our award is to embrace a distinct decision 

 upon each of them : 



As to the first of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Mr. Justice 

 Harlan, Lord Hanueu, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Veuosta, and Mr. 

 Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and determine as 

 follows : 



By the ukase of 1821 Eussia claimed jurisdiction in the sea now known as Bering 

 Sea to the extent of 100 Italian miles from the coast and islands belonging to her; 

 but, in the course of the negotiations which led to the conclusion of the treaties of 

 1824 with the United States and of 1825 with Great Britain, Eussia admitted that her 

 jurisdiction in the said sea should be restricted to the reach of cannon shot from 

 shore, and it appears that from that time up to the time of the cession of Alaska to 

 the United States Eussia never asserted in fact or exercised any exclusive jurisdiction 

 in Bering Sea or any exclusive rights in the seal fisheries therein beyond the ordinary 

 limit of territorial waters. 



As to the second of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Mr. 

 Justice Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, and 

 Mr. Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said arbitrators, do decide and determine 

 that Great Britain did not recognize or concede any claim upon the part of Eussia to 

 exclusive jurisdiction as to the seal fisheries in Bering Sea outside of ordinary terri- 

 torial waters. 



