GALILEO AND HIS JUDGES. 103 



VIL, on the 5th March, 1664, published a Bull- 

 known as the Bull " Speculatores " approving a 

 new and authentic edition of the Index of prohibited 

 books, which Index contained the decree of 1616, 

 and also the monitum of 1620, ordering certain 

 corrections in the work of Copernicus, so that the 

 theory he advocated should be stated merely as a 

 hypothesis in the preamble of which monitum, 

 however, it is stated that the principles of Copernicus, 

 relating to the movement of the Earth, were contrary 

 to the true and Catholic interpretation of Holy 

 Scripture and contained also an edict, signed by 

 Bellarmine, prohibiting and condemning Kepler's 

 work, " Epitome Astronomise Copernicanse ; " an 

 edict of August, 1634, prohibiting Galileo's Dialogue ; 

 and in fine, a prohibition of all books teaching the 

 movement of the Earth and the immobility of the 

 Sun. 



In the year following this Bull another Index was 

 also published, in which the following words occur, 

 under the head Libri, as being forbidden to the faith- 

 ful : " Libri omnes, et quicumcjue libelli, commentarii, 

 compositiones, eonsulta, epistolse, glossse, opuscula, 

 orationes, responsa, tractatus, tarn typis editi, quam 

 manuscript]*, continentes et tractantes infrascriptas 

 materias, seu de infrascriptis materiis . . . De mobili- 

 tate terrse, et immobilitate Solis." This, of course, 

 is very sweeping, as it includes all pamphlets and 

 letters, and even writings in manuscript, advocating 

 Copernicanism. 



