GARDENS OLD AND NEW. 



were saved, having already been assigned to the Earl's son 

 James. This sturdy descendant was also a Jacobite, and in 

 the rebellion of 1745 was in high command at Preston, 

 Carlisle, Stirling, and Culloden. His estates remained 

 forfeited until 1784, when, under an Act of Parliament, another 

 James Drummond of the same house, descended from 

 John Earl of Melfort, obtained possession, and was created 

 Lord Perth and Baron Drummond. At his death, however, 

 the titles became extinct, and the estate passed to his daughter 

 Clementina, who married the Hon. Peter Robert Burrell, 

 afterwards Lord Gwdyr, and later on Lord Will-ughby de 

 Eresby in right of his mother. On the death of their son, Lord 

 Wilioughby, the estates devolved upon their elder daughter 

 Clementina, Lady Aveland, Baroness Wilioughby de Eresby in 

 her own right, mother of the present Earl of Ancaster, who 

 was raised to the latter dignity in 1892. 



Drummond Castle is approached from Crieff by crossing 

 the River Earn, and following the Muthill Road, which for the 

 first three-quarters of a mile is a noble avenue of great beech 

 trees, with a few chestnuts and limes, and then for the rest 

 of the way becomes a splendid lime avenue. A great gale in 

 November, 1893, wrought vast havoc among these trees, and 

 also in the castle avenue, as well as in the park, many 

 splendid trees 

 having then 

 been over- 

 thrown ; but 

 judicious 

 planting is 

 now filling 

 the gaps. By 

 a high and 

 massive gate 

 of elaborate 

 workman- 

 ship, said to 

 be old Italian, 

 the castle 

 avenue is 

 entered, and 

 is certainly a 

 delightful 

 way to 

 traverse. It 

 is narrow, and 

 has scarcely 

 room for two 

 carriages to 

 pass there 

 are, indeed, 

 sidings at 

 sundry points 



to enable this to be done and it is lined on each side by great 

 beech and other trees, which in most places over-arch the way, 

 so that it forms a sort of tunnel of green, and has much charm 

 in its undulating character, rising and falling as we go all the 

 way in a straight line for a mile and a quarter. The trees are 

 of enormous size, and form a fitting opening to the romantic 

 regions of this princely demesne. The modern castle is of 

 go >d character, but of somewhat plain construction. Passing 

 through an archway into an exterior court, and thence by 

 another porch under the ancient fabric into the interior court, 

 we find the newer structure on the east side. Both buildings 

 may be seen in one of the pictures. We may enter the 

 formidable dungeon, with its ancient gate and guard-room 

 intact, and ascend the stair to the balcony to survey the land- 

 scape below. It is a prospect of fertile Strathearn, with many 

 lordly mansi >ns, stretching away to Invermay and Duncrub, 

 while westward are "Glenartney's hazel shade" and the pine- 

 covert-d height of Turlum, from which the prospect is still more 

 magnificent. To the north lie wooded and broken slopes, 

 leading to the shores of an artificial lake, with much forest 

 scenery, and the Grampians close in the prospect. Drummond 

 Castle the old structure was well battered by Cromwell. 

 It was strengthened and garrisoneJ by Royal troops in 1715; 

 but lest it should ever fall again into the hands of enemies of 



THE FOUNTAIN IN THE EAST COURT. 



the Stuarts, Lady Jean Gordon, titular Duchess of Perth, in a 

 spirit worthy of Sparta, caused the greater part of its walls to 

 be levelled to the foundations during the rising of 1745. The 

 square tower was built on the old lines and remains to tell 

 the tale, and its chambers are used as an armoury and picture 

 gallery. There are portraits of Charles I. and Charles II., of 

 Maitland of Lethington, of Montrose and Claverhouse, with 

 many family pictures, and the robes of the first Lord 

 Drummond, who built the castle. It goes without saying that 

 the internal plenishings of such an abode are befitting its 

 ancient character. 



The garden lies below the castle wall, anJ has many 

 special elements seeming to belong appropriately to Scottish 

 gardens. The second Earl of Perth h.id already made his 

 garden when John Reid, gardener to Sir George Mackenzie of 

 Rosehaugh, Aberdeen, produced, in 1683, " The Scots 

 Gard'ner," in which he indicates something of the character 

 that was then found in the nort ern gardens, though in few 

 places with the magnificence attained at DiummonJ Castle. 

 He says that the pleasure grounds of his time were i sually 

 divided into walks and plots, with a " bordure " round each 

 plot, and at the corner of each might be a holly or some such 

 bush trained up in pyramidal form, or approaching the 



spherical, 

 "the trees 

 and shrubs at 

 the wall well 

 p 1 y ed a n (.1 

 pruned, the 

 greens there- 



n cut in 

 several 

 figu r es, the 

 walks laid 

 with gravel, 

 and the plot-; 

 within with 

 grass (in 

 several places 

 whereof may 

 be flower- 

 plots), tne 

 bordures 

 boxed and 

 planted with 

 a variety of 

 fine flowers, 

 orderly 



1 n t e r m i x t , 

 weeded, 

 m o w ' d , 

 rolled, and 



kept all clean an j handsome." In the lower garden of Drummond 

 Castle this character is foind, but it is associated with the mag- 

 nificent terraci ig, exceeding the dreams of m xlest John Rei i. 

 The castle looks duwn upon the beautiful old-fashioned 

 pleasaunce, which we may now approach by this noble series 

 of terraces formed in the cliff itself, the descent being by 

 stately stairways. Tender things flourish here which do 

 not usually look kindly upon northern skies. Tropsolum 

 speciosum flowered on this southern slope in the open air for 

 the first time in Scotland ; Citrus decumana fruits freely ; and 

 the Agave americana flourishes. In the summer of 1832 one 

 of the latter plants reached a height of 23ft., and in 1851 of 

 nearly 3oft. There is a very happy conjuncture of flowers in 

 the garden with the varied hues of evergreens, though these 

 predominate, thus making winter beautiful at Drummond 

 Castle. This radiant garden lies some 3oft. or 4oft. below 

 the southern part of the castle rock, and, in an oblong 

 shape, it covers some ten acres. They are acres of singular 

 beauty when surveyed from any one of those three grand 

 architectural terraces, and the plan of the garden is curious, 

 original, and distinctive. It takes the form of a St. Andrew's 

 Cross, in the midst of which rises a splendid multiplex sundial, 

 erected for the second Earl of Perth by John Mylne, his 

 architjct, in 1630. Two broad grass walks cross one another 



