2 4 o GLANDERS. 



The Natural Disease. Glanders chiefly affects the 

 equine species horses, mules, and asses. Horned cattle, 

 on the other hand, are quite immune, whilst goats and sheep 

 occupy an intermediate position, the former being rather 

 more susceptible and occasionally suffering from the 

 natural disease. It also occurs in some of the carnivora 

 cats, lions, and tigers in menageries, which animals are 

 infected from the carcases of animals affected with the 

 disease. Many of the small rodents are highly susceptible 

 to inoculation (vide infra}. 



Glanders is also found in man as the result of direct 

 inoculation on some wound of the skin or other part by 

 means of the discharges or diseased tissues of an animal 

 affected, and hence is commonest amongst grooms and 

 others whose work brings them into contact with horses. 



In horses the lesions are of two types, to which the 

 names "glanders" proper and "farcy" have been given, 

 though both may exist together. In glanders proper the 

 septum nasi and adjacent parts are chiefly affected, there 

 occurring in the mucous membrane nodules at first firm and 

 of somewhat translucent grey appearance. The growth of 

 these is attended usually by inflammatory swelling and pro- 

 fuse catarrhal discharge. Afterwards the nodules soften in 

 the centre, break down, and give rise to irregular ulcerations. 

 Similar lesions, though in less degree, may be found in the 

 respiratory passages. Associated with these lesions there 

 is usually implication of the lymphatic glands in the neck, 

 mediastinum, etc. ; and there may be nodules in the lungs, 

 spleen, liver, etc., which nodules may be of the size of a 

 pea or larger, of greyish or yellow tint, firm or somewhat 

 softened in the centre, and often surrounded with a con- 

 gested zone. The term " farcy " is applied to the affection 

 of the superficial lymphatic vessels and glands, which is 

 specially seen where infection takes place through an 

 abrasion of the skin, such as is often produced by the 

 rubbing of the harness. The lymphatic vessels become 

 irregularly thickened, so as to appear like knotted cords, 

 and the lymphatic glands associated become enlarged and 



