246 GLANDERS. 



resembles somewhat the tubercle bacillus, but is thicker, 

 and differs widely from it in its staining reactions. For 

 its cultivation the higher temperatures are necessary, and 

 the growth on potato presents most characteristic features. 



Experimental Inoculation. Subcutaneous injection in 

 horses of pure cultures of the glanders bacillus reproduces 

 all the important features of the disease. This fact was 

 established at a comparatively early date by Loffler and 

 Schutz, who, after one doubtful experiment, successfully 

 inoculated two horses in this way, the cultures used having 

 been grown for several generations outside the body. In 

 a few days boggy swellings formed at the sites of inocula- 

 tion, and later broke down into unhealthy-looking ulcers. 

 There was the usual involvement of the lymphatic vessels and 

 glands, the latter becoming swollen to the size of pigeons' 

 eggs, and symptoms due to affection of the nasal mucous 

 membrane also appeared after some time, there being 

 the characteristic discharge. One of the animals died ; 

 after a few weeks the other, showing symptoms of cachexia, 

 was killed. In both animals there were found post mortem, 

 in addition to ulcerations on the surface with involvement 

 of the lymphatics, nodules in the lungs, softened deposits 

 in the muscles, and also affection of the nasal mucous 

 membrane, with nodules, and irregular ulcerations. The 

 ass is even more susceptible than the horse, the disease 

 in the former running a more rapid course, but with similar 

 lesions. The ass can be readily infected by scarification 

 and inoculation with glanders secretion, etc. (Nocard). 



Of small animals, field-mice and guinea-pigs are the 

 most susceptible. Strangely enough, house-mice and white 

 mice enjoy an almost complete immunity. In field-mice 

 subcutaneous inoculation is followed by a very rapid 

 disease, usually leading to death within eight days, the 

 organisms becoming generalised and producing numerous 

 minute nodules, especially in the spleen, lungs, and liver. 

 In the guinea-pig the disease is less acute, though secondary 

 nodules in internal organs are usually present in consider- 

 able numbers. At the site of inoculation an inflammatory 



