SUPPURATIONS IN TYPHOID FEVER. 313 



points available for the diagnosis of the organism have been 

 attended to. On this understanding the following summary 

 may be given. In a small proportion of the cases examined 

 the typhoid bacillus has been the only organism found. 

 This has been the case in suppurative periostitis, suppura- 

 tion in the parotid, abscesses in the kidneys, etc., and 

 probably also in one or two cases of ulcerative endocarditis. 

 But in the majority of cases, other organisms, especially the 

 B. coli and the pyogenic micrococci, have been obtained, 

 the typhoid bacillus having been searched for in vain. 

 It has, moreover, been experimentally shown, notably by 

 Dmochowski and Janowski, that suppuration can be experi- 

 mentally produced by injection in animals, especially in 

 rabbits, of pure cultures of the typhoid bacillus, the occur- 

 rence of suppuration being favoured by conditions of de- 

 pressed vitality, etc. These observers also found that when 

 typhoid bacilli were injected along with pyogenic staphylo- 

 cocci, they died out in the pus more quickly than the latter. 

 So that in clinical cases where the typhoid bacillus is present 

 alone, it is improbable that other organisms were present 

 at an earlier date. 



Pathogenic Effects produced in Animals by the Typhoid 

 Bacillus. There is no disease known to veterinary science 

 which can be said to be identical with typhoid, nor is there 

 any evidence of the occurrence of the typhoid bacillus under 

 ordinary pathological conditions in the bodies of animals. 

 Even before any bacteriological investigation, unsuccessful 

 attempts had been made to communicate the disease to 

 animals by feeding them on typhoid dejecta, and we have 

 seen that Gaffky did not succeed in communicating the 

 disease to animals by feeding them with bacilli, though 

 many different species were inoculated. We have therefore 

 to recognise as an initial difficulty the fact that animals are 

 not susceptible to the disease, at least in the form it assumes 

 in man. Nevertheless various observers have succeeded in 

 producing pathogenic effects. Typhoid bacilli are killed by 

 a very short exposure to. the gastric juice, and Beumer and 

 Peiper, taking this into account, applied the method devised 



