TOXINES OF B, TYPHOSUS. 317 



and was energetic in pathogenic effects. These, however, 

 still did not reproduce in entirety the appearances seen 

 either in the natural or artificial disease. 



In view of the uncertain results thus obtained in the 

 search for the toxines of typhoid in a pure condition, 

 later observers have been content to work with fluids 

 containing these toxines in mixture with other bodies. 

 Sanarelli, in fact, conjectures that various bodies may 

 be concerned in the toxic action to be inquired into. 

 This observer, in addition to his other work, investigated 

 this toxic action. He prepared the toxine by growing the 

 bacillus the virulence of which he had exalted, as already 

 described, on 2 per cent glycerine bouillon for one month 

 at 37 C. and eight months at the room temperature. It 

 was then kept for some days at 60 C. to kill and macerate 

 the bacilli. A clear fluid could be decanted oft' which con- 

 tained the toxic substances, many being no doubt derived 

 from the bacterial bodies. When injected subcutaneously 

 into guinea-pigs in the proportion of 1.5 c.c. per 100 grm. of 

 body weight, it causes death in twenty hours. There is no 

 initial rise of temperature such as occurs when the bacilli 

 are injected, but a progressive fall. There is abdominal 

 distention, pain and bloody stools, with progressive coma 

 and death. Post mortem, there is peritoneal exudation rich 

 in leucocytes and an enlarged spleen. The intestine is 

 congested, especially the small intestine, and the contents 

 serous and bloody. The mucosa is rough and the lym- 

 phatic patches infiltrated and congested. The other organs 

 are normal. There is thus some reason for believing that 

 many of the local as well as the general pathological 

 appearances are due to toxic products which the typhoid 

 bacillus is capable of forming. With regard to these toxic 

 products Pfeifter has shown that they are probably pre- 

 sent only in the bodies of the bacilli, and are not excreted 

 into a medium in which the bacilli may be growing. This 

 is indicated by the fact that cultures filtered bacteria-free 

 are almost non-toxic. In order to study the toxic effects, 

 the bodies of the bacilli which have been killed by one 



