520 BACTERIOLOGY. 



such as sheep or cattle, are to be protected by vaccina- 

 tion with these vaccines, a subcutaneous inoculation of 

 about 0.3 c.c. of the first vaccine is usually given. 

 This should be practically without noticeable effect, 

 causing neither rise of body-temperature nor other 

 constitutional or local symptoms. After a period of 

 about two weeks the second vaccine is injected in the 

 same way ; this may or may not cause disturbance. 

 In the event of its doing so the symptoms are rarely 

 alarming, and, if the vaccines have been properly pre- 

 pared and tested before use, they disappear within a 

 short time after the injection. 



In the large majority of cases sheep, bovines, horses, 

 and mules may be safely protected against anthrax by 

 the careful practice of this method. 



Sobernheim l found that it was possible to bring about 

 a high degree of immunity against bacterium anthracis 

 by means of the vaccines 1 and 2 of Pasteur, with sub- 

 sequent inoculations of virulent organisms. He employed 

 the serum of animals thus immunized in the treatment of 

 sheep that had been injected with highly virulent anthrax 

 bacteria. Five sheep were treated in this way, and all 

 of them recovered with only slight rise in temperature and 

 more or less marked infiltration at the point of injection, 

 while control animals died very promptly. 



Sobernheim 2 reports an improvement on the method 

 of protective inoculation against anthrax in which he 

 uses a combination of anthrax vaccines and immune 

 serum, in which the results are far more satisfactory 

 than with the anthrax vaccines alone. He states that 

 this new method has the following advantages over the 



1 Sobernheim : Berliner klin. Wochenschr., 1897. 



2 Ibid., 1902, p. 516. 



