PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING. 93 



that time, and often two hundred in an hour, with a per- 

 son to tie. Where the stocks and buds work well, two 

 thousand is not an uncommon day's work in our nurseries, 

 especially of cherries, peaches, and apples. Budding is 

 usually much more successful when performed in moder- 

 ately dry weather than in wet the sap being in a condi- 

 tion more favorable for the formation of a union between 

 the stock and bud. 



The chief difficulty, experienced by beginners in bud- 

 ding, is the proper removal of the bud. When it hap- 

 pens that the knife passes exactly between the bark and 

 wood, the bud cannot fail to be good ; but this rarely 

 happens more or less wood is attached, and the removal 

 of this is the nice point. Where the buds are flat, the 

 difficulty is less than when they have large, prominent 

 shoulders, as the plum and pear have, in many cases. 

 When all the wood is taken out of these, a cavity re- 

 mains, which does not come in contact with the wood on 

 which the bud is placed, and therefore, although the bark 

 unites well, the bud will not grow. A little practice will 

 enable the budder to overcome this and all other me- 

 chanical difficulties. 



SECTION 5. PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING. 



Grafting is the insertion of a cion of one species or 

 variety on the stem or branch of another, which is called 

 the stock. Its principal object is the same as budding, 

 to increase certain varieties that cannot be reproduced 

 from seed with certainty ; but it is frequently performed 

 with other objects in view. For instance : 



1o Fruit a New Variety. A cion inserted in a branch 

 of a bearing tree, will bear fruit perhaps the second year 

 from the graft ; but if the same cion had been put on a 

 young seedling, it would not have borne in ten years. 



One species is frequently grafted with success upon 



