100 GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 



Double "Working. When we graft or bud a tree already 

 budded or grafted, we call it " double- worked." Certain 

 very important advantages are gained by it. Some varie- 

 ties are of such feeble growth, that it is impossible to 

 make good trees of them in the ordinary way of working 

 on common stocks. In such cases, we use worked trees 

 of strong growing sorts as stocks for them. 



Many varieties of the pear do not unite well with the 

 quince stock ; we therefore bud other varieties of strong 

 growth, that do succeed, and use them for stocks to work 

 the others on. By this means we are enabled to possess 

 dwarf trees of many varieties, that we could not other- 

 wise have in that form. We have fruited the Dix in two 

 years by double working on the quince, when otherwise 

 it would have taken not less than seven. Some varieties 

 of fruit trees are much better than others, though of equal 

 vigor, to graft upon. In the pear, for example, we find 

 the White Doyenne makes a good stock for almost all 

 other varieties superior, in this respect, to any other we 

 have ever experimented with. A great many improve- 

 ments may be effected, not only in the form and growth 

 of trees, but in the quality of the fruit, by double work- 

 ing. Very few experiments have yet been made on the 

 subject in this country, except from necessity ; but the 

 general interest now felt on all matters pertaining to fruit- 

 tree culture cannot fail to direct attention to this and 

 similar matters that have heretofore, in a great measure, 

 been overlooked. 



CHAPTER V. 



PRUNING ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE. 



Pruning is one of the most important operations con- 

 nected with the management of trees. From the removal 

 of the seedling plant from the seed-bed, through all its 



