THE GKAPE. 161 



first is performed by laying down, in the spring, a shoot 

 or cane of last seasons growth, bedding it in the ground, 

 and covering it two inches or so in depth. A young 

 plant will be produced from every eye, or joint. In the 

 fall the cane is lifted, and the young plants separated 

 from one another by cutting between the joints. This 

 makes very good plants. 



Layering the Green Wood is performed by laying 

 down, in midsummer, a shoot or cane of the current sea- 

 son's growth in the manner described in the article on 

 propagation, page 87, fig. 64. 



(2.) Long Cuttings. This is the common, well-known, 

 old-fashioned method of propagating the hardy grapes ; 

 and is, on the whole, perhaps, the cheapest and best in all 

 ordinary cases. It is done in this way : The strongest, 

 roundest, and ripest shoots, or canes, of the previous sea- 

 son's growth, are selected, and cut into pieces twelve to 

 eighteen inches in length ; having two or three eyes, or 

 buds, as in fig. 62. 



They are cut close to an eye at the lower end, tied up 

 in bundles of convenient size, and may be buried in sand, 

 in a cold cellar, until the frost is out of the ground, in the 

 spring, when they can be set in a trench in the ground, 

 exposed to the south, in the bundles, lower end up, and 

 covered four to six inches deep with earth. Here they 

 can remain until the ground is dry and warm, and the 

 weather favorable to growth. By this time the ends will 

 be calloused, and, perhaps, even begin to emit roots, when 

 they may be planted. 



In planting, the whole cutting, is buried, leaving the 

 upper eye just at or near the surface ; but the cutting is 

 laid obliquely, as in fig. 62, so that the lower part will 

 not be too far away from atmospheric heat. 



The summer culture will consist in keeping the ground 

 clean and mellow ; and if only one shoot is allowed to 

 grow, and kept tied up, all the. better. 



