BARBERRIES, CHESTNUTS, ETC. 167 



Both can be propagated from cuttings and layers, and 

 by grafting and inarching. We usually graft on roots 

 of the White Mulberry in the house, as we do grapes 

 put them in pots or boxes, and keep them under glass 

 until they have taken well and made a few inches of 

 growth, when they are planted out in the open ground. 



8th. Barberries. These are propagated from seeds, 

 suckers, and layers in the simplest manner. It usually 

 takes layers two years to root sufficiently to be separated 

 from the parent plant. New or rare sorts can be grafted 

 on the common ones quite easily. 



9th. Chestnuts are usually grown from seed, either plant- 

 ed in the fall, as we always do, or kept in sand during 

 winter, and planted in the spring. The large varieties 

 of the Spanish Chestnut, or Marron, which do not come 

 true from seed, can be grafted on the others. 



10th. Filberts are grown from seed, but the finer varie- 

 ties are propagated by suckers or layers, or by grafting 

 them on seedling stocks. Plants grown in the latter way 

 have the advantage of not producing suckers, and are, 

 therefore, more desirable for the garden. Layering is the 

 method usually employed in the nurseries. 



llth. Walnuts. Our native Walnuts, and the English 

 Walnut, or Madeira Nut, are usually grown from seed ; 

 but there is a Dwarf prolific variety of the English, called 

 "Preparturiens" which must be increased by grafting or 

 budding on the others, and this is rarely performed with 

 any considerable degree of success in the nurseries. 



12th. Figs. The Fig can be easily propagated from 

 seeds, layers, cuttings of ripe wood or green wood, and 

 from suckers. As the more esteemed varieties do not re- 

 produce truly from seed, this method is seldom employed, 

 except in seeking for new varieties. Layering is a very 

 good way. Fruiting branches may be layered in pots or 

 boxes, and thus fruiting plants be obtained at once. 



Cuttings of ripe wood, taken off in the fall, kept in the 



